文档介绍：毕业设计[论文]
题目: 基于单片机嵌入式路灯控制系统的研究
学院: 电气与信息工程学院
专业: 自动化
姓名:
学号:
指导老师: 王义明
完成时间: 2013 06 04
摘要
随着地球资源的日益贫乏。太阳能作为一种“取之不尽,用之不竭”的安全、洁净的新能源,正在被更广泛地利用。本文为了开发出一套基于单片机嵌入式路灯控制系统的装置,采用太阳能发电控制系统,使太阳能电池板自动跟着太阳走,白天利用太阳能电池板发电,储存在蓄电池,晚上蓄电池释放电能为路灯供电照明。
基于以上要求,本文设计出太阳能自动跟踪器,使光伏电池始终跟踪太阳的方向走;利用步进式扰动观察算法,设计出太阳能电池MPPT功率适配器;为输出恒定的电压,满足负载的要求,设计出DC/DC电压变换器;对输出电压进行控制;为提高太阳能电力的使用效率,系统采用蓄电池作为辅助电源,并设计出能自动对一组蓄电池进行充放电的切换装置。
整个系统由发电系统和控制系统组成,控制系统是以8位单片机STC89C52为核心对DC/DC、MPPT、蓄电池充放电进行控制,发电系统以光伏电池和ULN2003芯片为主,通过自动跟踪系统实现最大功率工作。
实践证明,该系统精确地跟踪了各种情况下的太阳光变化情况,能够根据光线条件的变化,自动控制路灯及切换蓄电池组,并使光伏电池的实际转换率提高到20%以上。该系统既可以应用在城市道路建设中,也可应用在沙漠、山区、边防哨卡、海岛、灯塔等照明供电困难的地区。
关键词:太阳能路灯,嵌入式系统,自动跟踪,光伏发电,MPPT,DC/DC,STC89C52,ULN2003芯片,蓄电池
Abstract
With the Earth's resources e increasingly scarce. Safe, clean energy, solar energy as an "inexhaustible, inexhaustible" is being more widely used. In this paper, in order to develop a set of street light control system based on single chip embedded devices, the use of solar power generation control system, solar panels automatically follow the sun during the day using solar panels to generate electricity stored in batteries at night the battery release electrical energy to power the street lights lighting .
Based on the above requirements, design a solar tracker photovoltaic cells always follow the direction of the sun to go: step-by-step perturbation and observation algorithm to design a solar MPPT power adapter: output constant voltage to meet the requirements of the load, the design a DC / DC voltage converter: the output voltage control, the system uses the battery as an auxiliary power source; in order to improve the efficiency in the use of solar power. wells designed to automatically switching means for charging and discharging of a battery pack.
The system consists of power generation and control systems, the control system based 8-bit puter STC89C52as the core DC / DC, MPPT, battery charge and discharge control, power generation systems, photovoltaic cel