文档介绍：商品契约优于要素契约* 本文是农业部软科学委员会研究课题“扶持产业化经营龙头企业的理论和政策依据”(编号:01019)的成果之一,课题主持人:周立群。感谢农业部软科学委员会对山东、湖南、安徽三省农村调研所提供的资助。
——以农业产业化经营中的契约选择为例
(原题为“安排商品契约而非要素契约”)
内容提要: 本文以农业产业化经营中的商品契约为例,说明商品契约完全有可能在长期内稳定,以至于足以保证龙头企业长期支配农户的土地和劳动力要素,从而达到与要素契约相同的效果。商品契约的稳定性主要是通过专用性投资和市场在确保履约方面的作用来实现的。这一结论在一定程度上证伪了科斯和张五常的一些看法。他们认为,企业和市场的区别就是要素契约和商品契约的区别。基于农业生产过程中的特殊性,单纯的要素契约很难在现阶段的农业生产过程中发挥作用,本文的结论不仅为农业产业化经营中的契约选择提供思路,也对中国农业发展的路径作了探视。
关键词: 商品契约要素契约龙头企业农业产业化
modity Contract Instead of Factor Contract
Abstract:
This paper shows that modity contract in agribusiness may stay valid for a long time. This long-term validity ensures that leading firms determine the allocation of farmers' resources. As a result, commodity contracts in reality have the same effect as factor contracts. The sustained validity modity contract is achieved through special investments and the binding power of the market force. Due to the special characteristics of agriculture, factor contract alone can have little effect. Our conclusion indicates that the views of Ronald Coase and Steve Cheung, which argue that the difference between market and firm lies in the difference modity contracts and factor contracts, do not hold true. This conclusion not only provides a framework for the selection of contracts in agribusiness, but also explores the way forward for agriculture development in China.
Key Words:
factor contract; commodity con