文档介绍：第三十三章
总需求与总供给
Aggregate Demand and Aggregate
Supply
1
短期经济波动
Short-Run Economic
Fluctuations
经济活动年复一年地波动
Economic activity fluctuates from year to
year.
在大多数年份里,物品与服务的生产是上升的
In most years production of goods and services rises.
在过去50年,平均来说,美国经济的生产每年增长
约3个百分点。
On average over the past 50 years, production in the
. economy has grown by about 3 percent per
year.
在一些年份,正常的增长没能出现,导致了衰退。
In some years normal growth does not occur, 2
causing a recession.
短期经济波动
Short-Run Economic
Fluctuations
衰退是实际GDP下降、收入减少、失业上
升的时期
A recession is a period of declining real
GDP, falling es, and rising
unemployment.
萧条是严重的衰退
A depression is a severe recession.
3
关于经济波动的三个关键事实
Three Key Facts About
Economic Fluctuations
经济波动是不规则和不可预测的。
Economic fluctuations are irregular and
unpredictable.
经济当中的波动常常被称作经济周期(或译商业周期)
Fluctuations in the economy are often called the business
cycle.
大多数宏观经济变量一起波动。
Most macroeconomic variables fluctuate
together.
随着产出下降,失业率上升。
As output falls, unemployment rises. 4
短期经济波动一瞥
A Look At Short-Run Economic Fluctuations
(a)Real GDP
实际GDP:Figure31-1
Billions of 衰退
1992 Dollars Recessions
$7,000
6,500 Real GDP
6,000
5,500
5,000
4,500
4,000
3,500
3,000
2,500
1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 19955
短期经济波动一瞥:中国
A Look At Short-Run Economic
Fluctuations: China
(a) 实际GDP
4500
4000 衰退
3500
3000
2500
2000
资料来源:
指数(1952=100) 1500 《中国国内生产
总值核算历史资
1000 料,1952-1995
》,《中国统计
500 年鉴》以及作者
计算。
0
1952 1957 1962 1967 1972 1977 1982 1987 1992 1997 2002
年份 6
关于经济波动的三个关键事实
Three Key Facts About
Economic Fluctuations
大多数宏观经济变量一起波动。
Most macroeconomic variables
fluctuate together.
大多数衡量某种收入或生产的宏观经济变量几乎
同时波动。
Most macroeconomic variables that measure
some type of e or production fluctuate
closely together.
虽然许多宏观经济变量一起波动,他们波动的幅
度并不同。
Although many macroeconomic variables
fluctu