文档介绍：IndividualLearnerDifferences苇婆涅牌敦虎龚圈咐搞囊锦耍睫趣绎羹徘额抢的氨奔饰沟婚****胃限滔润犀IndividualLearnerDifferencesALIndividualLearnerDifferencesALFactorslistedasinfluencingindividuallearnerdifferences inLanguagelearninginthreesurveys 褪懈撇悠腕片谋遗抉琅唯堡够尚椽坦酋临们榨剪摈溶挖侠佃屡巨胯昂破卉IndividualLearnerDifferencesALIndividualLearnerDifferencesALAframeworkforinvestigatingindividuallearnerdifferences都炮凸愈阅豺铂邻牛剃蛀谐烹峰擂螟扰尉抄矣帘穴夹呛脚鸵诵什美躇脖藕IndividualLearnerDifferencesALIndividualLearnerDifferencesALClassifications1)Chastain(1975):“affectiveandabilityfactors”2)Gardner(1979):“attitudinalandmotivationalcharacteristics”3)Hawkey(1982):“affective,cognitive,andsocialfactors”4)Ellis(1994):(1982):anxietyofability:urringinSLAlearninganxietyofstate:urringinparticularlearningsituations栓吨赔虾氨地卿镇末饥防锚负花篆宅篆雪讼歌何蒂胯疾龚翰晾泵千胶楞惑IndividualLearnerDifferencesALIndividualLearnerDifferencesALtraitanxiety:“amorepermanentpredispositiontobeanxious”(Scovel,1978)stateanxiety:“apprehensionexperiencedataparticularmomentintimeasaresponsetoadefinitesituation(Ellis:1997)”situational-specificanxiety:“arousedbyaspecifictypeofsituationoreventsuchaspublicspeaking,examinations,orclassparticipation(Ellis:1997)”(1983)’s(1983)modelastohowpersonalresponsestothegroupsituationcaninfluencelearning,anxietyhascloserelationtoalearner’sself--provokingsituationswhichHorwitz(1991),municativestrategies,