文档介绍：International Environmental Law
第八章国际环境保护法
Chapter 8
International Environmental Law
IEL includes different types of Principles.
They are :
General Principles of law ( such as principle of good faith etc.);
Principles of general international law (such as state sovereignty, duty to cooperate etc.);
and Principles which only concern international environmental issues (such as duty to prevent environmental degradation环境退化, precautionary principle, polluter pays principle, etc.)
The Fundamental Principles of International Environmental Law
Environmental Law The fundamental principles are classified as :
State sovereignty
Co-operation
Preservation and protection of the environment
Prevention - 损害预防原则
(Cont…)
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The Fundamental Principles of International Environmental Law (cont…..)
5. Precautionary principle-风险预防原则
6. The polluter pays principle
7. Sustainable development
8. Intergenerational equity and Responsibility
(cont…)
第4和第5原则的不同体现在以下几点: 第一,风险预防原则重在采取预防措施以避免环境恶化之可能性,而损害预防重在采取以制止或阻碍环境损害的发生;第二,前者所针对的是严重的不可逆转损害之威胁或风险,而后者除此之外,还包括实际发生的或即将发生的环境损害;第三,前者所针对的是在科学上尚未得到最终明确的证实、但如等到科学证实时再采取措施又为时已晚的环境损害的威胁或风险,而后者并非专门针对此种情况。
The Fundamental Principles of International Environmental Law (contd…..)
9. Common but differentiated responsibilities
10. Information and assistance in environmental emergencies
11. Information and consultation in cross boundary relation
12. Rights of individuals: equality of access to procedures and non discrimination in environmental matters