文档介绍：定语从句
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:在复合句中,用来修饰某一名词或代词的从
句叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先
行词,定语从句一般紧跟在先行词的后面。
:
引导定语从句的关系代词
that,which,who(whom,whose)
引导定语从句的关系副词
when,where,why
关系代词或关系副词位于先行词和定语从句之间,它即起连接作用,又充当从句当中的一个成分。
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一般情况下,that既可以指人又可以指物,可以代替who,whom和which,在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语,但不能放在介词后做宾语;which指物,在从句中作主语或谓语动词及介词的宾语;who在从句中作主语或宾语;whom在从句中作宾语;whose在从句中作定语。
例如:A doctor is a person who looks after
people’s health.
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(1)下列情况下,先行词指物时,只能用that引导,不能
用which引导
①当先行词是all,little,much,none,
everything,anything,nothing等不定代词时。
eg:Is there anything(that)you don’t understand?
Tom told his mother all that had happened.
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②当先行词前面有the only,the very,the last等修饰时。
eg:This is the only book that I can find.
③当序数词或形容词最高级修饰先行词时
eg:This is the best book that I can find.
④当先行词有only,all,any,no等词修饰时
eg:I want to read all the books that were written by
Lu Xun.
⑤当主句是以疑问which开头的特殊疑问句时
eg: Which is the hotel that you like best?
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(2)关系代词省略
一般情况下that,which,whom作宾语时可以省略,但以下情况不可以省略:
①关系代词that在从句中作介词的宾语时,不能省略,
而且介词不能放在that前面,只能放在从句中有关动
词的后面。
eg:The woman that she talks with is her mother.
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②关系代词which,whom在从句中做介词的宾语时,
不能省略。介词可以放在which,whom之前,也可
以放在从句中有关动词的后面,以使关系代词紧跟它