文档介绍：高中英语定语从句详解
Ⅰ. 概念:
(1) 定语从句:在主从复合句中用作定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧接在先行词(antecedent)后面。
(2) 先行词:被定语从句修饰的成份。先行词可以为一个词,短语,或整个主句。
(3) 引导定语从句的词叫关系词,分为关系代词和关系副词。
关系词的作用:
1) 引导定语从句,连接主句和从句,相当于一个连词;
2) 必在从句中作某个句子成份(可以做主语,宾语,表语,定语,状语)
常用的关系代词: that、 which、 who、whom、whose,当关系代词在定语从句中做宾语时,关系代词可以省略。
常用的关系副词(在从句中只作状语): when(时间状语)、why(原因状语)、 where(地点状语)
可以修饰人的关系代词:that, who, whom, whose
可以修饰事的关系代词:that, which, as, whose,
The student who answered the question was John.
I know the reason why he was so angry.
The boy (whom) you are talking to is my brother.
I'd like a room whose window faces the sea.
定语从句三步:
第一找出先行词;
第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能(做主语、宾语、表语或状语);
第三选择合适的关系词。
Ⅱ. 几个关系代词的基本用法:
●that: 可指人或物;在定语从句中作主语,宾语,表语。(指人时,相当于who或 whom;指物时,相当于which)(一般不用于非限制性定语从句; 不可置于介词后作宾语) 如:
1. A letter that/which is written in pencil is difficult to read. (主语)
2. Do you know the gentleman that/who spoke just now?
3. You can take anything ( that) you like. (宾语)
4. What is the question (that/which) they are talking about?
5. Here is the man ( who/whom/that ) you want to see.
6. She's no longer the girl ( that) she used to be before.(表语)
7. Our hometown is no longer the one (that) it used to be.
(= Our hometown is not the same as it used to be.
= Our hometown is different from what it used to be。
= Our hometown is not what it used to be.)
●which: 指物;在定语从句中作主语,宾语。如:
1. The book which/that was on th