文档介绍：Non-finite Verbs
Infinitive; gerund; participle
Infinitive(不定式)
1. 不定式的式和态(以动词do为例)
do
Active voice 主动
Passive voice 被动
simple 一般式
to do
to be done
perfective 完成式
to have done
to have been done
progressive 进行式
to be doing
perfective progressive完成进行式
to have been doing
相关例句:
1)Mr. Brown is supposed to__for Italy last week.
A. have left B. be leaving C. leave D. have been left
2)Mr. Johnson preferred ___ heavier word to do.
A. to be given B. to be giving
C. to have given D. having given
注: 一般式:不定式动作在谓语动作之后或两动作同时发生
完成式:不定式动作发生在谓语动作之前
完成进行式:不定式动作在谓语动作之前,并持续到现在与谓语动作同时发生
主语
To get there on time is very important.
表语
My plan is to finish this task in 3 weeks.
宾语
I have arranged to meet him at ten.
宾补
I persuaded Linda to go with me.
定语
At last we found a room to live in. 后置定语
状语
She went to the supermarket to buy food.
3. 几点补充
1)不定式to的省略
,若谓语有实词do,则不定式不带to
All I wanted to do was solve it as soon as possible.
, except,save后可接不定式作宾语,若谓语是do则省略to,反之则不省
He has no alternative but to go with her.
Last night I did nothing but watch TV.
C. 在had better; would rather (sooner)…than…; would…rather than…; can not…but; can’t help but…; may as well等****惯用法中,省略to
Mary can’t help but rush into the heavy rain.
He would rather stay at home than go to work.
, let, have和感官动词see, watch, listen to, feel, hear等的宾语补足语
He made Helen teach us English.
注:此类句子的被动形式,to不可省略
Helen was made to teach us English.
,why 开头的简单问句中,用不带to的不定式 Why not go at once?
2)不定式的逻辑主语用for或of引出
It’s an honor for me to take part in the work.
It’s very nice of you to see me when I was ill.
3) 注意区分介词to和不定式to
如:be used (accustomed) to; be opposed to; object to; look forward to; stick to; prefer…to;等词组中to均为介词
Participle(分词)
分词的式和态(以do为例)
注:being done 表被动语态的进行式
do
一般式
完成式
现在分词:主动
doing
having done
过去分词:被动
done
having been done
2. 分词的句法功能
表语
Your shoe laces e undone.
定语
This is an exciting meeting.
状语
Not knowing her address,