文档介绍：哈尔滨工业大学工程硕士学位论文
摘要
随着油田开发进入中后期,采出水越来越多,面对的油层开采对象越来
越复杂,对回注水的水质要求也越来越严格。国内各油田在采出水处理技术
方面做了大量的工作,已形成了一套相对完善的处理工艺,目前回注水处理
的常规流程是“三段法”,即缓冲调节→沉降分离除油→压力过滤。这种常规
的回注水处理方法基本满足中高渗透油藏注水开发需要,但由于存在工艺技
术不尽完善、压力过滤设备使用寿命短、化学药剂的现场适应性差等问题,
所以对于中、低渗透油藏水质又难以达标。且由于采出水成分日趋复杂和地
层的复杂多变, 现有采出水处理技术尚存在一定局限性和许多不足之处,
尤其是对低渗透油田精细水处理,有一些关键性问题仍没有很好解决。
针对目前存在的上述问题,为满足油田开发注水要求,寻找到了一条工
艺简单、流程短、处理效果好、运行成本低的技术途径,即悬浮污泥过滤工
艺。悬浮污泥过滤工艺是指在含有油、悬浮物的油田污水中加入一定量的絮
凝剂,在短时间内它能与污水中的悬浮物形成絮凝体,絮凝体在过滤过程中
沉积于滤料层上部形成悬浮污泥层,悬浮污泥层被当作小空隙滤料,用以截
留污水中的小油珠和细小悬浮固体,从而达到对油田污水深度处理的目的。
最终确定当原水含油小于或等于 500 mg/L 时,除油剂为 ,净水剂
为 80mg/L,助凝剂为 ,处理后平均含油为 mg/L,平均悬浮物
含量为 mg/L,指标合格率均能达到 100%,实现经济运行;当原水含油
大于 500 mg/L 时,除油剂为 ,净水剂为 100mg/L,助凝剂为
2mg/L,经处理平均含油仅为 mg/L,平均悬浮物含量为 mg/L,指
标合格率能达到 100%,负荷率控制在 120%以内,处理后的水质可以满足
油田注水标准(SY/T5329-94)A 级要求。

关键词悬浮污泥;含油污水;过滤;油田注水;
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哈尔滨工业大学工程硕士学位论文
Abstract
With the improvment of oilfield development, the water treatment es
a serious problem. Because the quality of reinjection water needs to be upgraded
and meets the need plicated reservoir condition, many technical researches
have been carried out in almost all the domestic oilfields and a relatively
complete technology of water treatment has been performed. The conventional
treatment of reinjection water is THREE-PHASES method, which is shown as :
buffer regulating-settling seperation-pressure filtration. This conventional
method can make the treated produced water meet the need of medium-to-high
permeability reservoirs but not the medium-to-low ones, because this method still
has some defects in technology, such as short lifespan of pressure filtering
equipment and the bad adaptability of chemical agent on oilfield site, etc.
Furthermore, the reservoir condition and the produced water e more and
plicated and variable, some main problems of water treatment should
be solved, especially in low permeability oilfield.
To solve the problems mentioned above, a