文档介绍：The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2005
“for their discovery of the bacterium Helicobacter pylori and its role in gastritis and peptic ulcer (胃溃疡)disease"
Barry J. Marshall J. Robin Warren
Robin Warren (born 1937), a pathologist from Perth, Australia, observed small curved bacteria colonizing the lower part of the stomach (antrum) in about 50% of patients from which biopsies(活组织切片) had been taken. He made the crucial observation that signs of inflammation were always present in the gastric mucosa close to where the bacteria were seen.
Barry Marshall (born 1951), a young clinical fellow, became interested in Warren‘s findings and together they initiated a study of biopsies from 100 patients. After several attempts, Marshall eeded in cultivating a hitherto(至今) unknown bacterial species (later denoted Helicobacter pylori) from several of these biopsies. Together they found that anism was present in almost all patients with gastric inflammation, duodenal ulcer or gastric ulcer. Based on these results, they proposed that Helicobacter pylori is involved in the aetiology(病原学) of these diseases.
Peptic ulcer – an infectious disease!
This year's Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine goes to Barry Marshall and Robin Warren, who with tenacity and a prepared mind challenged prevailing dogmas. By using technologies generally available (fibre endoscopy, silver staining of histological sections and culture techniques for microaerophilic bacteria), they made an irrefutable case that the bacterium Helicobacter pylori is causing disease. By culturing the bacteria they made them amenable to scientific study.
In 1982, when this bacterium was discovered by Marshall and Warren, stress and lifestyle were considered the major causes of peptic ulcer disease. It is now firmly established that Helicobacter pylori causes more than 90% of duodenal ulcers and up to 80% of gastric ulcers. The link between Helicobacter pylori infection and subsequent gastritis and peptic ulcer disea