文档介绍：D10l: WaterTime National Context Report - Sweden
Dr Tapio S. Katko,
Tampere University of Technology, Finland
tapio.******@
23 February 2004
One of 13 WaterTime National Context Reports on decision-making on water systems
National Context Reports and case studies
Estonia:
Tallinn
Finland:
Tampere, Hämeenlinna
France:
Grenoble
Germany:
Berlin, Munich
Hungary:
Budapest, Debrecen, Szeged
Italy:
Arezzo, Bologna, Milan, Rome
Lithuania:
Kaunas, Vilnius
Netherlands:
Rotterdam
Poland:
Gdansk, Lodz, Warsaw
Romania:
Bucharest, Timisoara
Spain:
Cordoba, Madrid, Palma de Mallorca, Gran Canaria
Sweden:
Stockholm
UK:
Cardiff, Edinburgh, Leeds
Table of Contents
1 INTRODUCTION
2 COUNTRY BACKGROUND
3 WATER RESOURCES AND USES
4 LEGAL FRAMEWORK OF WATER AND SEWERAGE SERVICES
5 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK OF WATER AND SEWERAGE SERVICES
6 FINANCING, WATER RATES AND SEWERAGE CHARGES
7 SPECIFIC FACTORS IN THE NATIONAL CONTEXT
8 RELEVANT ACTORS, ROLE AND CHARACTERISTICS
9 PARTICIPATION MECHANISMS
10 BIBLIOGRAPHY
11 REFERENCES
12 WEBSITES
1 Introduction
The national context report covers the national policies of European governments which affect the decision-making process in water, including economic restrictions and identifying mon context of developments within which decisions have been taken about water. These will include for example changes in government policies, in industry structures, and, in the case of the accession countries, plete restructuring of government systems. The national context is closely related to the international and EU context.
The decisions analysed in Watertime are those that are taken and implemented at local level. The water and sewerage services are typically tied to geographical location in a way that most other goods and services are not. Because of this, historically most of the key decisions have been and continue to be made in the future by authorities governing relatively small geographical areas