文档介绍：Unit1LanguageandLanguageLearning语言和语言学****Viewsonlanguage有关语言的观点Differentviewsonlanguagegeneratedifferentteachingmethodologies.(P2)不同的语言观产生不同的教学方法。Threedifferentviewsoflanguage:三种不同观点的语言:(1).Structuralview:languageasasystemmadeupofvarioussubsystems:thesoundsystem(phonology);thediscreteunitsofmeaning(morphology);munication(syntax)(p3)afinitenumberofsuchstructuralitems有限数量的这种结构性产品结构语言理论:语言作为一个系统由各种子系统:音响系统(语音);离散单元的意义(形态);对通信相结合的系统单位的意义(语法)(2).Functionalview::语言不仅是一种语言系统,但也做事情的一种方式。(3).Interactionalview:municativetooltobuildupandmaintainsocialrelationsbetweenpeople.(p3)交互语言理论:语言作为一种交际工具来建立和维护人们之间的社会关系。:Process-orientedtheoriesandCondition-orientedtheories(1).Behaviouristtheory:(p5)行为主义学****理论面向流程理论和条件理论behaviouralpsychologistSkinner;行为心理学家斯金纳WatsonandRaynor’stheoryofconditioning;stimulus,response,andreinforcement;theaudio-lingualmethod;thelanguageislearnedbyconstantrepetitionandreinforcementoftheteacher沃森和雷诺的调节理论,刺激响应,和强化;听说教学法;语言是不断的重复和强化学****的老师(2).Cognitivetheory:studentsareaskedtothinkratherthansimplyrepeat;(p5)NoamChomsky;乔姆斯基认知学****理论:要求学生想而不是简单的重复;languageisanintricaterule-basedsystemandalargepartoflanguageacquisitionisthelearningofthissystem;;乔姆斯基认知语言学Transformational-Generative(T-G):(P6)Learningisaprocessinwhichthelearnerconstructsmeaningbasedonhis/herownexperiencesandwhathe/shealreadyknow;建构主义学****理论:学****是一个过程,学****者建构意义基于自己的经历和已经知道什么;applicabletolearningingeneral;适用于一般学****JohnDewey杜威teachingshouldbebuiltbasedonwhatlearnersalreadyknewandengagelearnersinlearningactivities;教学应构建基于学****者已经知道和学****者参与学****活动tofosterinventive,creative,criticallearner;培养创造力,创造力,关键的学****者(4).Social-constructivisttheory:(P6)社会-建构主义理论Vygotsky;维果斯基emphasizesinteractionandengagementwiththetarg