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杠杆的加工工艺及夹具设计
摘要:本设计是CA6140杠杆零件的加工工艺规程及一些工序的专用夹具设计。CA6140杠杆零件的主要加工表面是平面及孔。一般来说,保证平面的加工精度要比保证孔的加工精度容易。因此,本设计遵循先面后孔的原则。并将孔与平面的加工明确划分成粗加工和精加工阶段以保证孔的加工精度。基准的选择以杠杆外圆面作为粗基准,以孔及其下表面作为精基准。先将底面加工出来,然后作为定位基准,在以底面作为精基准加工孔。整个加工过程选用组合机床。在夹具方面选用专用夹具。考虑到零件的结构尺寸简单,夹紧方式多采用手动夹紧,夹紧简单,机构设计简单,且能满足设计要求。
关键词: 杠杆零件;加工工艺;夹具;定位;夹紧
The Design of Leverage the Machining
Process and Fixture
Abstract:This paper is to design the craft processes of making the CA6140 lever spare parts and some specialized tongs in the process. The CA6140 lever spare part primarily processes the surface and bores. Generally speaking, to guarantee the accuracy of the flat surface process is easier than that of the bore. Therefore, this design follows the principle that surface first and then the bore, and definitely divides the process of flat surface and bore into coarse processes and precise processes to guarantee the bore processes. The basic choice is to consider 45 outside circle as
rough basis and to consider 25 bore and its next surface as precise basis. The bottom is first processed out to be fixed position basis, and process the bore using the bottom as the precise basis. The whole processes choose the machine bed. In the aspects of tongs choosing, specialized tongs are used. In consideration of the simple construction size of the spare parts, clipping by hands is adopted. It is simple, and anization design is simple, and can satisfy the design request.
Key Words:Lever spare parts;craft proces;tongs;fixed position;tight clip
1 前言
材料、结构、工艺是产品设计的物质技术基础,一方面,技术制约着设计;另一方面,技术也推动着设计。从设计美学的观点看,技术不仅仅是物质基础还具有其本身的“功能”作用,只要善于应用材料的特性,予以相应的结构形式和适当的加工工艺,就能够创造出实用,美观,经济的产品,即在产品中发挥技术潜在的“功能”。工业的迅速发展,对产品的品种和生产率提出了愈来愈高的要求,使多品种,对中小批生产作为机械生产的主流,为了适应机械生产的这种发展趋势,必然对机床夹具提出更高的要求。
2 杠杆加工工艺规程设计
零件的分析
零件的作用
题目给出的零件是CA6140的杠杆。它的主要的作用是用来支承、固定的。要求零件的配合要符合要求。
零件的工艺分析
零件的材料为HT200,灰铸铁生产工艺简单,铸造性能优良,但塑性较差、脆性高,为此以下是杠杆需要加工表面以及加工表面的位置要求。现分析如下:
(1)主要加工面:
1)小头钻Φ以及与此孔相通的Φ1