文档介绍：:..-AAswehavealreadydiscussed,:屮央银行负责经济屮货币的供给。Whenthecentralbankdecidestochangethemoneysupply,。arytoolbox:open-marketoperations,reserverequirements,:公7T•市场操作、法定准备金和贴现率。-MarketOperations公开市场操作Thecentralbankconductsopen-。Toincreasethemoneysupply,theBankinstructsitsbondtraderstobuybondsinthenation’,央行指示她的债券交易人从全国债券市场中买入债券。Toreducethemoneysupply,theBankdoesjusttheopposite:,央行只需做出和反的举动:它向公众卖出政府债券。Thepublicpaysforthesebondswithitsholdingsofcurrencyandbankdeposits,,直接减少了货币在流通中的数量。Open-。Infact,theBank’spurchasesandsalesofgovernmentbondsinthenation’,央行在全国债券市场上对政府债券的买卖和每个个体在他们的证券投资组合中进行的交易十分相似。(Ofcourse,whenanindividualbuysorsellsabond,moneychangeshands,buttheamountofmoneyincirculationremainsthesame.)(显而易见,当个体买卖债券吋,虽然会发生货币易手但流通中的货币总量还是保持不变的。)Inaddition,theBankcan