文档介绍：**现在完成时**
现在完成时是由助动词have(has)+过去分词构成
其否定句在have/has后加not. 一般疑问句把have/has提到主语前.
动词的过去分词:规则变化(和过去时一样)
不规则变化:
基本结构
am/is-was-been are-were-been
begin-began-begun break-broke-broken
do-did-done draw-drew-drawn
drink-drank-drunk drive-drove-driven
eat-ate-eaten fall-fell-fallen
fly-flew-flown forget-forgot-forgotten
give-gave-given go-went-gone
grow-grew-grown hide-hid-hidden
know-knew-known lie-lay-lain
ride-rode-ridden ring-rang-rung
show-showed-shown see-saw-seen
sing-sang-sung speak-spoke-spoken
take-took-e-e
run- ran – run e-became-e
1表过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果
--would you like some bread?
--No, thanks. I have just had my breakfast.
(对现在的影响:不饿)
常用副词 just(刚刚), already, before, yet(一般
疑问:已经;否定句:还), never, ever
① I have never heard of that before.
② Have you ever ridden a horse?
③ She has already finished the work.
④ Have you milked the cow yet? Yes, I have done
that already.
⑤ I’ve just finished my homework.
⑥ He has e yet.
2。表示过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态,
也可以表示实质可能继续下去的动作或状态。通常和
for(一段时间), since(时间点) 引导的时间状语
so far, in the last ten years, by now,
these days, 等连用。
I have been here for just over two years.
He has worked here since 1989.
I haven’t seen her these days.
She has learnt English for 3 years/since 3 years ago.
They have lived here since 1990.
Great changes have taken place in the last 10 years.
注意点一:
现在完成时与一般过去时的用法比较
现在完成时表示过去的动作一直延续到现在甚至会继续下去或表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响;一般过去时表示动作发生的时间在过去。现在完成时属于现在时态范围,因此,不能和表示过去的时间状语连用。如:yesterday, last night, two weeks ago等
牢记: when 不与现在完成时连用。
Put the following sentences into English.
A: 火车已经开走了.
B: 什么时候开走的?
A: 半个小时之前开走的.
2. A: 你看过这部电影吗?
B: 看过.
A: 什么时候看的.
B: 上周星期天看的.
A: The train has left.
B: When did it leave?
A: It left half an hour ago.
A: Have you seen the film?
B: Yes, I have.
A: When did you see it?
B: I saw it last Sunday.
注意点二、非延续性动词与现在完成时
短暂性动词在肯定句、疑问句中不能与时间段连用,这些动词是:e, begin, buy, borrow, arrive, come, die, fall, finish, get to know, go, join, leave, marry等。为了表述这种意思,我们常用相应的延续性动词have,keep等