文档介绍：华北电力大学(保定)
硕士学位论文
太阳能光伏电站自动跟踪系统的研究
姓名:李枝玖
申请学位级别:硕士
专业:电气工程;电力电子与电力传动
指导教师:石新春
2011-03
摘要
摘要
太阳能是一种理想的可再生能源,世界各国都在积极开发利用太阳能,随着光
伏电池价格的大幅下落以及逆变技术的逐渐成熟,节能减排的迫切要求,我国把开
发利用太阳能作为一项可持续发展的重要战略。然而目前太阳能光伏电站效率低,
发电成本高,直接制约光伏发电产业的大规模推广,提高太阳能光伏电站效率已成
为光伏发电产业的基本要求。
理论分析表明:跟踪式与固定式的太阳能发电装置相比,其能量的接收率可提
高 35%,而目前晶硅太阳能电池板实际利用转化率约为 15%~17%。因此,本文研
究现有太阳跟踪器的原理,结合保定三伊方长电力电子有限公司的相关课题,研究
设计了一种基于单片机控制的技术经济性好的太阳自动跟踪系统。在对目前国内外
太阳跟踪器原理研究的基础上,本文采用了光线跟踪和一种按仰角(太阳高度)和方
位角(太阳方位)分别控制调节的太阳自动跟踪方法。采用单片机计算、检测太阳和
电池板位置并发出脉冲,控制电机的转动角度,实现跟踪装置对太阳的自动跟踪,
使跟踪装置始终处于与阳光垂直的最佳位置。
最后,结合工业实际应用,论文给出了自动跟踪系统具体硬件电路实现和基于
MSP430F169 单片机控制程序的开发。工程实际应用表明,本文设计的太阳自动跟
踪的研究思路、控制方法、硬件设计以及软件设计均是切实可行的。系统具有结构
简单、运行平稳、跟踪精度高、抗干扰性强等特点。

关键词:太阳能光伏电站;自动跟踪;太阳角度;经纬度计算

I
Abstract
Abstract
The solar energy is an ideal renewable energy. In recent years, lots of countries are
working on the R&D of solar industry. With the price of photovoltaic cells falls sharply
and inverter technology maturity, An urgent requirement for energy saving, It has e
an important national strategic decision of continual development to exploit and utilize
the solar energy. However, there is low conversion efficiency of solar power plant, power
generation costs are high, restricting direct large-scale promotion of photovoltaic power
generation industry, Improve the efficiency of solar power plant generate electricity has
e the basic requirements of photovoltaic power generation industry.
Analysis indicated shows that, the receiving rate of pointing device is lower 35%
than the tracking device, and in all current device conversion rate roughly is 15%.
Therefore, we study the principles of the existing solar tracking device, combined with
BaoDing San Yi fortune related topics, The research’s design based on single chip
technology automatically track the sun both high quality and economical. In the
sun-tracking device at home and abroad on the basis of principle study, we design a
sta