文档介绍：anizationalChangeTopDown_______________ Bottom-upRadical _______________ IncrementalDiscontinuous_____________ ContinuousPlanned _______________ EmergentOD----Incremental,gradual,anizationaltransformation---Decisive,rapid,::changeactivitiesthatareintentional&goal-;proactive&purposefulthegoals:improvetheabilityof-toadapttochangesinitsenvironment;change--behaviororderofmagnitude:1st-order:linear&continuous,nofundamentalshift;2nd-order:multidimensional,multilevel,discontinuous,&radicalChangeagents:personsactingascatalysts&assumetheresponsibilityformanaging--?Structure:alter1ormoreofthekeyelementsin--,majormodificationsintechnology:,tools,methods;puterizationphysicalsetting:considerworkdemands,formalinteractionrequirement&socialneedswhenm-,interiordesign,equipplacementpeople:changingtheattitudes&behaviorsof--.:habit,security,economicfactors,fearoftheunknown,anization:structuralinertia,limitedfocusofchange,groupinertia,threattoexpertise,threattoestablishedpowerrelationships,(R-A)ing:munication,participation,facilitation&support,negotiation,manipulation&cooperation,coersionthepoliticsofchange:threatenthestatusquo;power,stakeholder,impetus--(1)3-Phase(Lewin’snotion)Unfreezing:ethepressuresofbothindividual&groupconformity,implementation,equilibriumstateRefreezingorinstitutionalization:,preventfrombeingshortlived&revertingtotheprevious--theanalysisofdrivingforces::forcesthathindermovementaway--achievedin1ofthe3ways,--,--,(1)5-ollectionofdata&thenselectionofachangeactionbasedonwhattheanalyzeddataindicatediagnosis:gatheringinformati