文档介绍：第四讲议论文
题型特点概述
课时跟踪检测
经典考题悟法
随堂针对训练
议论文是一种剖析事物、论述事理、发表见解或提出主张的说理性文章。议论文的目的不仅是客观地解释事物,还力图说服读者相信并接受某一观点。英语议论文不完全等同于汉语的议论文,它涉及的范围要小得多。有人把英语中的议论文理解为论证文、推理文或辩论文,还有人直接将议论文归入说明文中。但笔者认为就写作目的与写作手法而言,英语议论文与英语说明文还是有一定的区别的。首先,英语说明文主要是对提出的主题进行“说明”和“阐述”,并不进行正反评判和推理,也不强迫读者接受作者的观点;而英语议论文主要是就某一主题,在摆出正反两方面观点的基础上,通过论证、推理辩论等手段,试图让读者最终接受作者对这一主题的某种观点。尽管有时也不一定非常明确地交待正反观点,但力图通过推理让读者赞同自己的观点始终是英语议论文的主要目的。
议论文是对某个问题或某件事进行分析、评论,表明自己的观点、立场、态度、看法和主张的一种文体。这类文章或从正面提出某种见解、主张,或是驳斥别人的错误观点。新闻报刊中的评论、杂文或日常生活中的感想等,都属于议论文的范畴。议论文有三要素,即论点、论据和论证。
论点的基本要求是:观点正确,认真概括,有实际意义,恰当地综合运用各种表达方式;论据的基本要求是:真实可靠,充分典型;论证的基本要求是:推理必须符合逻辑。论点的位置一般有四个:①文题;②开头;⑧文章中间;④结尾。基本的论证方法有:归纳法、例证法、演绎法、类比法、对比法。
[悟文体特点](揣摩文章,抓文体特征)
(2010·安徽高考)Most people give little thought to the pens they write with,especially since the printers in modern homes and offices mean that very __36__ things are too often,people buy a pen based only on __37__,and wonder why they are not satisfied __38__ they begin to use it. However,buying a pen that you'll enjoy is not __39__ if you keep the following in mind.
First of all,a pen should fortably in your hand and be __40__ to use. The thickness of the pen is the most important characteristic(特征) fort. Having a small hand and thick fingers,you may fortable with a thin pen. If you have a __42__ hand and thicker fingers,you may __43__ a fatter pen. The length of a pen can __44__ fort. A pen that is too __45__ can easily feel top­heavy and unstable.
Then,the writing point of the pen should __46__ the ink to flow evenly(均匀地) while the pen remains in touch with the paper. __47__ will make it possible for you to create a __48__ line of writing. The point should also be sensitive enough to __49__ ink from running when the pen is lifted. A point that does not block the __50__ may leave drops of ink, __51__ you pick the pen up and put it down again.
__52__ ,the pen should make a thick,dark line. Fineline pens may __53__ bad handwriting,but fine,delicate lines do mand __54__ next to printed text,as