文档介绍：高考中定语从句的常见考点类型
●关系词的选择●

定语从句的关系词可分为关系代词和关系副词两大类。关系代词起着代词和连词的作用,而关系副词起着副词(或介词短语)和连词的作用。
◆关系代词that、which、who(m)、whose引导定语从句
1) 关系代词that只能用于限定性定语从句,并在从句中作主语或宾语(不可作介词的宾语)。例如:
Do you still remember the chicken farm ____ we visited three months ago?(2005北京春)
A. whereB. when C. that D. what
解析:C。先行词是the chicken farm,定语从句缺宾语,所以应用关系代词that、which或省略关系代词,选C。本题所给选项中,where、when都是关系副词,而what不能指代地点。
2) 关系代词which可引导非限定性定语从句,作从句的主语或宾语,指代整个主句或主句中的部分内容;此时,其引导的定语从句一般位于主句后面,常译为“这(那) 件事……”。例如:
His movie won several awards at the film festival, ______ was beyond his wildest dream. (2007 上海)
A. which B. that C. whereD. it
解析:答案选A。关系代词which在从句中作主语,指代整个主句。
注意:That和which作关系代词,引导定语从句时的主要区别为:which可用于非限定性定语从句中,指代物或整个主句或主句中的一部分,也可以用于介词之后;而that则不能用于上述两种结构中。
3) 关系代词who和whom引导定语从句,都可用于指人,用法类似。区别主要在于:whom在从句中只能作宾语;而who在从句中可以作主语,也可以代替在从句中担任宾格的whom,但它的前面不能有介词;如果用于介词后指人时,必须用宾格的whom。在非限定性定语从句中,whom不可用that或who替代。例如:
Women _______ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those ________ don't. (2006北京)
A. who; 不填 B. 不填; who
C. who; who D. 不填; 不填
解析:C。两处空格后均为定语从句,均缺少关系词。第一个定语从句的先行词是woman,要用关系代词引导从句,同时该从句中缺主语,用who;第二个定语从句的先行词是those,在句中指人,其定语从句也缺少主语,用who。所以选C。
4) Whose引导定语从句时,其后应紧跟一个名词,构成名词短语,即“whose + 名词”的形式;whose引导的定语从句,其先行词不仅可指人,还可指物;若指物时,还可用of which代替,但词序不同,即“whose + 名词= the + 名词+ of which”。例如:
•Look out! Don't get too close to the house _______ roof is under repair. (2006福建)
A. whose B. which
C. of which D. what
解析:A。关系代词whose意为“……的”,表示所属关系,在定语从句中作定语,修饰从句的主语roof;从句中whose roof 指的是the house's roof。由于roof前缺少修饰限定词,故此处不能用of which代替。
•Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _______ was very reasonable. (2000上海)
A. which price B. the price of which
C. its price D. the price of whose
解析:B。先行词为“an ancient Chinese vase”,而定语从句讲述的是这个vase的price如何如何,同时,从句缺少主语,所以要用whose price或the price of which来引导从句。
◆关系副词where、when、why引导定语从句
关系副词where、when、why引导的定语从句,分别在从句中充当地点、时间、原因状语。
• If a shop has chairs ________ women c