文档介绍：The Pharmaceutical Use of Permethrin: Sources and Behavior During Municipal Sewage Treatment
Abstract  
Permethrin entered use in the 1970s as an insecticide in a wide range of applications, including agriculture, horticultural, and forestry, and has since been restricted. In the 21st century, the presence of permethrin in the aquatic environment has been attributed to its use as a human and veterinary pharmaceutical, in particular as a pedeculicide, in addition to other uses, such as a moth-proofing agent. However, as a consequence of its toxicity to fish, sources of permethrin and its fate and behavior during wastewater treatment are topics of concern. This study has established that high overall removal of permethrin (approximately 90%) was achieved during wastewater treatment and that this was strongly dependent on the extent of biological degradation in secondary treatment, with more limited subsequent removal in tertiary treatment processes. Sources of permethrin in the catchment matched well with measured values in crude sewage and indicated that domestic use accounted for more than half of the load to the treatment works. However, removal may not be consistent enough to achieve the environmental quality standards now being derived in many countries even where tertiary treatment processes are applied.
A plethora of anic micropollutants have been discharged to sewers for many yearsfrom both industrial and domestic sources and surface run-off bined sewers exist . Some of anic micropollutants are a cause for concern because of their potential detrimental impacts on human health should they enter the food chain or water supply, but such occurrences are very rare, and regulation safeguards human health . However, many of pounds can have environmental impacts: Some are acutely toxic, whilst others act by plex mechanisms, such as endocrine disruption . Many of these chemicals are insecticides, herbicides, solvents, pharmaceuticals, or plasticisers, although nu