矿山废弃地土地复垦与生态恢复研究进展.doc

文档介绍：
2012 年月
10(2):107 114

中国水土保持科学
Science of Soil and Water Conservation

Vol. 10 No. 2
Apr. 2012
矿山废弃地土地复垦与生态恢复研究进展
1 2 1 1 3 4 3 5
(1. 中国林业科学研究院林业研究所,林木遗传育种国家重点实验室,100091,北京;2. 国家林业局调查规划设计院,
100714,北京; 中国林业科学研究院荒漠化研究所,100091,北京; 宁波市环境保护科学研究设计院,315100,浙江宁波;
5. 山潞环股公 046031,山长)
摘要矿山开采破坏环境、挤占耕地,诱发严重的社会问题。近几十年来,矿山废弃地土地复垦和生态恢复已成为
跨学科研究热点,然而,和欧美发达国家相比,我国矿山废弃地工作存在土地复垦比率低与复垦质量差的特点。矿
山废弃地土地复垦和生态恢复主要包括3 方面:土壤重构、生物恢复和废水控制与处理。土壤重构技术主要包括
物理、化学和工程措施,目标是重构适宜的土壤剖面和理化性质,重金属污染去除技术也是土壤重构的重要内容。
生物修复可以划分为植物修复、土壤动物修复、土壤微生物修复以及菌根生物修复技术。就生态恢复和土地复垦
的内涵、目标、基础理论和技术体系展开评述,并指出建立健全管理机构、明确资金来源对矿山废弃地复垦的重要
性。同时认为应当加强矿山废弃地生态环境影响机制机制研究,采用3S 技术和信息系统技术监测、评估和监管复
垦工作,努力实现矿山废弃地环境损害减缓技术突破,建立矿山废弃地土地复垦和生态恢复的理论体系与技术
规范。
关键词矿山废弃地;土地复垦;生态恢复;基质改善;废水
Review of studies on reclamation and ecological restoration
of abandoned land of mine
Wei Yuan1,Gu Hongbo2,Xue Liang1,Jiang Zeping1,Zhou Jinxing3,Zheng Shiwen4,Cui Ming3,Yang Jianli5
(1. Research Institute of Forestry,Chinese Academy of Forestry,State Key Laboratory of Tree ics and Breeding,100091,Beijing;
2. Academy of Forest Inventory and Planning,State Forestry Administration,100714,Beijing;3. Institute of Desertification Studies,
Chinese Academy of Forestry,100091,Beijing;4. Environment protection Science Research & Design Institute of Ningbo,315100,
Ningbo,Zhejiang;5. Luan Environmental Energy Development Co. ,Ltd. ,046031,Changzhi,Shanxi:China)
Abstract Mining exploitation not only caused occupation of cultivated land and environmental damage

,
but also induced a series of social problems. In the last decades reclamation and ecological restoration of
abandoned land of mine have e hot issues in interdisciplinary research. Compared with developed
countries,reclamation of abandoned land of mines in China has the characteristics of lower rate and
poorer quality. The main content of reclamation and ecological restoration of abandoned mining area
includes three aspects as follow,soil reconstruction;ecological restoration;