文档介绍：(高叔叔说这章要考50分,所以东西有点多~)::♦Language:precededbythezeroarticleimpliesnotanyparticularlanguagebutlanguageingeneral.♦Study:investigateexamineresearch♦Scientific:observation→generalization→hypothesesformation→datacollection→hypothesestesting→theoryformulationHowtomakeastudy"scientific"?1)Exhaustiveness:gatherallthematerialsrelevanttoone')Consistency:makenocontradictionbetweenpartsofthetotalstatement3)Economy:otherthingsbeingequal,)Objectivity:beasobjectiveaspossibleindescribingandanalyzingthedata,allowingnoprejudicetoinfluenceone’:,theories,descriptionsmodelsandmethodsapplicableinanylinguisticstudy,(micro-linguistics)andapplicationoflinguistics(macro-linguistics).:1)ics:thebranchoflinguisticswhichstudiesthecharacteristicsofspeechsoundsandprovidesmethodsfortheirdescription,)Phonology:)Morphology:)Syntax[‘sintæks]:binationofwordsintosentences5)Semantics[si’mæntiks]:thestu