文档介绍：Culture, Entrepreneurial
Orientation, and Global
Competitiveness
Sang M. Lee Suzanne J. Peterson
Based on Lumpkin and Dess’s conceptualization of entrepreneurial orientation (EO), this paper
presents a cultural model of entrepreneurship. We propose that a society’s propensity to generate
autonomous, risk-taking, innovative, competitively aggressive and proactive entrepreneurs and firms
will depend on its cultural foundation. The role of economic, political/legal, and social factors as
moderators of the relationship between culture and entrepreneurial orientation (EO) are also consid-
ered. Overall, it is proposed that only those countries with specific cultural tendencies will engender a
strong EO, hence experiencing more entrepreneurship and petitiveness. Specific country
examples are discussed.
ntrepreneurship has long been demic research are increasingly stress-
E considered a significant factor for ing the need to establish a global
socioeconomic growth and develop- business climate whereby entrepreneur-
ment because it provides millions of job ship assumes a prominent role (Birley
opportunities, offers a variety of con- & MacMillan, 1992,1993; Covin &
sumer goods and services, and gener- Slevin, 1991; Lado & Vozikis, 1996;
ally increases national prosperity and Morris, 1998).
competitiveness (Zahra, 1999). More- Although entrepreneurship as an area
over, given recent trends toward corpo- of intellectual and academic study has
rate downsizing, the privatization of been around for over two hundred years
economies, and petition (Morris, 1998), a well-developed para-
based on agility, creativity, and innova- digm to create coherence in entrepre-
tion, both popular enthusiasm and aca- neurship research is still lacking (Al-
drich & Baker, 1997). Moreover, the
Sang M. Lee, Department of Management, Uni- interdisciplinary nature of entrepreneur-
versity of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-
0491, USA. Tel: ϩ1-402-472-3915; Fax: ϩ1-402- s