文档介绍：1
Optimal Pricing on Urban works – some recent developments
Jiang Qian Ying
Department of Regional Policy
Gifu University Japan
應江黔
日本岐阜大学地域科学部
contents
Economic Properties of Transport System
Economic Principles for Transport Pricing
Practical Transport Pricing
Equilibrium Based Pricing Analysis
Case Studies
Further Developments in Transport Pricing Theory and Method
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3
土地利用,选址
城市交通
规模经济效应
拥挤
环境
外部性
外部经济
Economic Properties of Transport System
网络属性
4
Economies of scale and congestion
Scale
economy
congestion
Case of Japan’s Railway Firms
5
Decreasing per person-km cost of Japanese railways with increasing scale.
Decreasing per person-km fare with increasing scale.
Economies of Scale and Transport Pricing
Average Cost Pricing
Average cost pricing is usually adopted in mercial based transport system.
Marginal Cost Pricing
Best efficiency is achieved by MCP, the supplier however suffers a deficit.
Ramsey Pricing, Non-linear Pricing
6
q
MC(q)
p
AC(q)
F
E
G
Congestion and transport pricing
Congestion Pricing
Peak Load Pricing and Scarcity Pricing
Vickrey, 1963, 1969
7
MC
tax
8
Practical Transport Pricing
Average Cost Pricing
Marginal Cost Pricing
Marketing
method
Club
(game
theoretic)
公共交通
规制或补贴条件下
团体,月票
轨道,空港设施
EU交通政策
用户少的情形
道路
燃油税
过路费
EU方针
某些城市的拥挤收费
Equilibrium Based Pricing Analysis
9
work
Equilibrium
pricing
travel time, ary cost...
Applying work equilibrium model for analyzing and designing transport prices.
Ref. .
Maruyama, T., Harata, N., and Ohta, K. (2002)
Zhang and Yang (2004)
Ying and Yang (2005)
Kanamori, R., Miwa, T. and Morikawa, T. (2007)
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Case study: examine the effects of marginal cost pricing in a Bi-work model of Nagoya metropolitan area