文档介绍：CHAPTER 1
Introduction
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“No single measure would do more to reduce disease and save lives in the
developing world than bringing safe water and adequate sanitation to all.”
—Kofi Annan, former UN Secretary General (1997–2006)
In the UN Millennium Development Goals, signed in 2000 by 189 coun-
tries, target “7c” states that by the year 2015, the proportion of people
without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation
should be halved (from 65% to 32%).1 This goal includes improved access
to sanitation, drinking water sources, better hygiene and improved water
quality (by municipal or home water treatment), which will verifiably
reduce the diarrhoeal morbidity as depicted in Figure .
WATERBORNE/WATER-RELATED DISEASES
In 2004, the World anization published information, which
depicted that every year more than million people die as a result of
water-related diseases, making it the leading cause of disease and death
around the world. Most of the victims are young children, the vast majority
of whom die of illnesses caused anisms that thrive in water sources
contaminated by raw Poor water quality continues to present a
major threat to human health. Diarrhoeal disease alone amounts to an esti-
mated % of the total DALY (disability-adjusted life years) global burden
of disease (GDB) (% for the African Region), and is responsible for the
death of million people every Nine out of the ten such deaths are
children, and virtually all of these deaths occur in the developing
It was estimated that 88% of that burden is attributable to unsafe water sup-
ply, sanitation and hygiene, and it is mostly concentrated on children in the
developing ,6,7 In the developing countries, it is predominantly
children under the age of five who suffer from diarrhoea: according to the
latest figures from the World anisation,8 around two million
Securing Safe Water Supplies. DOI