文档介绍：文章编号:1008-181X(2000)03-0257-02
耕作改制对土壤肥力的影响
汤建东,叶细养,饶国良,林碧珊
(广东省土壤肥料总站, 广东广州 510500)
摘要:在长期定位监测的基础上,研究了耕作改制对土壤肥力的影响,结果表明,耕作改制后,肥料投入明显增加,养分平衡朝着有利于提高肥力的方向发展;因土、因作物进行配方施肥,并实行秸秆还田,则改制后土壤肥力能得到提高;合理耕作轮作,有利于解决地力矛盾和季节矛盾,实现高产、稳产、低成本。
关键词:耕作制度;土壤肥力;长期定位
中图分类号:S158 文献标识码:A
Effects of Different Cropping System on Soil Fertility
TANG Jian-dong, YE Xi-yang, RAO Guo-liang, LIN Bi-shan
( Guangdong General Station for Soil and Fertilizer, Guangzhou 510500, China )
Abstract: The effects of different cropping system on soil fertility were studied by long-term stationary experiments. The results show that the fertilities of soils have increased as application rates of fertilizer were raised after changing crop system. Balanced fertilization and straw returns can economically and effectively improve the soil fertility. The rational cropping system is propitious to solve the conflict between soil fertility and crop season, and can achieve high yield and low cost.
Key words: cropping system; soil fertility; long-term stationary experiments
关于耕作制度的研究,国内外已作了大量的工作,较为一致的观点是通过选择作物和作物种植制度、施肥和土壤管理,能直接或间接地影响到土壤养分平衡。但有些专家认为作物之间会出现争肥现象,在同一田块上连年种植禾本科作物,将导致土壤肥力下降{1}。1984年起,我省部分地力监测点进行了耕作改制。本文就各种耕作制度的养分循环及其改善途径作一探讨。
材料与方法
监测点设计
按照《广东省地力监测技术规程》,监测点设立在土种、耕作制度和施肥水平等方面均具有代表性的耕作区内,作物品种采用当地当家品种。每个监测点为一块田, hm2以上。
监测项目和分析方法
每年记载作物种植、土壤耕作、施肥、灌溉、病虫害防治等情况,作物收割后采集土壤和植株用全国统一的方法分析。为减少不同年份的取样误差,同一种植