文档介绍：华中科技大学硕士学位论文
摘要
人口向城市的集中与生产力的空间集聚,是人类社会不断向前发展和城市化过
程的必然趋势。与此同时,空间分布广泛、种类形式多样的灾害事件,也成为当今
社会发展不可回避的一大突出问题。在美国芝加哥大火、日本关东大地震、我国唐
山大地震等灾害中,城市公园发挥了避难疏散的作用,于是在规划城市空间布局
时,借鉴日本的防灾减灾经验,引入“防灾公园”的设计理念。
防灾公园平时是居民娱乐、休闲、健身的场所,在灾害来临时可以立即启动防
灾机能,成为城市重要的灾害隔离带。它能够阻止火势蔓延,疏散避难人员,作为
修复家园的据点和平时学习防灾知识的场所,其规划建设完善了城市服务功能,是
社会文明进步的象征。
本论文根据我国现实国情,结合日本及欧美国家的丰富经验,从分析城市灾害
和避难行为的特性入手,借鉴城市避灾绿地规划手法,研究城市防灾公园体系的构
建,并探讨防灾公园内部避难空间及避难设施规划设计的相关问题。城市防灾公园
体系研究主要包括城市防灾公园的布局形式、类型、服务半径、规模及指标要求
等;避难空间规划包括防救灾通道、应急避难疏散区、地下人防空间及防火安全
带;避难设施规划包括应急指挥中心、应急直升机停机坪、应急物资储备用房、应
急卫生防疫用房及供水、电力、通信、能源等避难基础设施。此外,本文还对防灾
公园与普通公园的兼容性、防灾公园景观设计要点进行了尝试性探讨,希望对防灾
公园的规划建设有一定的借鉴作用。
考虑到防灾公园的建设涉及城市规划、园林、灾害管理等多个方面和防灾公园
对于保障城市社会经济、市民生命安全的重要性,文章最后提出要通过立法来规范
防灾公园的管理和使用,促使防灾公园安全保障体系的建立,以保证防灾公园的实
际营运。
关键词:城市防灾、避灾绿地、防灾公园、避难疏散
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华中科技大学硕士学位论文
Abstract
The pool of people to cities and the space concentration of productive forces was the
inevitable trend of the human society’s constant development and urbanization process.
Meanwhile, disasters with extensive spatial distribution and diverse types had e one of
major outstanding issues that social development can not be the disasters such as
Chicago fires in the United States and China's Tang Shan earthquake, urban parks play a role of
asylum and evacuation, so we should learn from Japanese experience in disaster prevention and
reduction and introduce the concept of “Prevention Park” in the process of urban space layout
planning.
In normal times Prevention Park was a place of entertainment and relaxation and exercise for
residents,after disaster it started the function of disaster prevention at once. Then it became the
city's major disaster buffer zone to prevent the fire from spreading, evacuated people and as a
stronghold for repairing home and studying prevention knowledge. Its planning and construction
improved urban services, as a symbol of social progress and civilization.
According to the present situation of our citi