文档介绍：记叙文、说明文、议论文的写作
记叙文
叙述人物经历(写人)
叙述事物的发展变化过程(写事)
记叙文的“六大要素”
时间(when) ——有无具体时间?
地点(where) ——有无地点变化?
人物(who)——何人参与,谁是主角?
事件(what)——发生了什么,有何特点?
原因(why)——事件的起因?
结果(how)——事件的经过及结局?
1988年6月考试:An Early Morning Walk
2003年6月考试:An Eye-Witness Account of a Traffic Accident
例文
要求:根据以下提示叙述一场交通事故:
用第一人称;
短语提示:drive home at about 30 kilometers an hour; it was dark; a small girl chased a dog; not hit her but hit a car in the other direction
写出作者对此交通意外的感想。
Last night I was driving home from work. I had an accident. I was following behind a truck, driving at about 30 kilometers an hour. I was watching the traffic carefully because it was getting dark.
Suddenly a small girl ran onto the road from the left. She was chasing a dog and she wasn’t paying any attention to the traffic. I immediately applied the brakes and turned the steering wheel quickly to the right.
The girl jumped towards the side of the road as soon as she saw my car. Fortunately I did not hit her, but I hit a ing in the other direction. Luckily I was not driving very fast so the damage was not serious. It is better to damage a car than to injure a young child, I thought to myself.
通过事实客观地解释或说明事物本身
历年四级考题:How I e Difficulties in Learning English; My Ideal Job
写作思路:围绕说明顺序(时间、空间、逻辑或认识顺序)、事物的特点和细节展开。
说明文
说明文的种类
举例说明文(考试中易出现此类题目): 说明某一抽象的论点
知识性说明文:提供知识和信息
对比说明文:说明某事物在不同情况下的差异,或某事物与同类事物或不同类事物的差异。
定义说明文:给事物的性质和特点下定义。
举例说明文
通过举例来说明某一抽象的论点,或使读者明白某一事理。
写作时要选择合适的、充分的事例来就文章开头所提出的某一论点或某一事理进行解释和说明,所选的例子一定不能偏离主题。
如在例文“Practice makes perfect”中,作者用英语学习和其他一些事例说明了“熟能生巧”这一道理。