文档介绍：To my scientific sparring partners
Bill Doyle, Alistair Fraser, and Akhlesh Lakhtakia
Craig F. Bohren
To my father and mother,
they always choose kindness and curiosity over fixed notions;
to my brothers and sisters,
for sharing the wild ride;
to Jessica,
for her enduring patience and relentless support,
and to our sons Daniel and Joshua,
that they grow in the generosity of spirit of their
grandmothers and grandfathers.
Eugene E. Clothiaux
Contents
Preface XI
1 Emission: The Birth of Photons 1
Wave and Particle Languages . . . ...................... 1
Radiation in Equilibrium with Matter . . . .................. 4
ChangeofVariable.......................... 8
Stefan–BoltzmannLaw........................ 12
Blackbody Radiation ............................. 12
AbsorptivityandEmissivity.......................... 14
Blackbody Radiation without a Blackbody .............. 15
Averages:ACriticalLook...................... 17
AverageEmissivityandAbsorptivity................. 20
BrightnessandColorTemperature.................. 21
mentsonTerminology.................. 22
TheSolarSpectrum.......................... 23
ImagingandSpectralDependenceofContrast............ 23
Emission by Clouds . ............................. 26
DirectionalEmissivity........................ 29
EmissivityandGlobalWarming........................ 31
References and Suggestions for Further Reading . .............. 37
Problems.................................... 42
2 Absorption: The Death of Photons 51
Exponential Attenuation . . . . . . ...................... 51
Absorptivity and Absorption Coefficient: A Tenuous Connection . . 54
Absorptance and Absorbance: More Room for Confusion . . . . . . 54
The Sum of Exponentials is not an Exponential . . . . ....... 55
Attenuation in a Nonuniform Medium . . .............. 56
Directiona