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THE IRWIN
HANDBOOK OF
MUNICATIONS
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FIFTH EDITION
THE IRWIN
HANDBOOK OF
MUNICATIONS
JAMES HARRY GREEN
McGraw-Hill
New York San Francisco Washington, . Auckland Bogotá
Caracas Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City Milan
Montreal New Delhi San Juan Singapore
Sydney Tokyo Toronto
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Copyright © 2006, 2000, 1997, 1992, 1989 by Pantel, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the United
States of America. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this
publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in database or
retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher.
1234567890 DOC/DOC 098765
ISBN 0-07-145222-2
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Green, James H. (James Harry)
The Irwin handbook of munications / by James Harry Green.— 5th ed.
p. cm.
ISBN 0-07-145222-2 (hardcover : alk. paper)
1. munication systems—United States. 2. Business enterprises—United
munication systems. I. Title.
2005
—dc22 2005005849
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CONTENTS
LIST OF FIGURES xxvii
LIST OF TABLES xxxiii
INTRODUCTION TO THE FIFTH EDITION xxxv
PART ONE
INTRODUCTION
Chapter 1
A Brief History of munications 3
A Short History of the Bell System 5
The Principle of Regulated Monopo