文档介绍：MAKING
SENSE OF Japanese
Grammar
A Clear Guide mon Problems
ZELJKO CIPRIS AND SHOKO HAMANO
Making Sense of
Japanese Grammar
Making Sense
of
Japanese Grammar
A Clear Guide
mon Problems
Zeljko Cipris
and
Shoko Hamano
UNIVERSITY OF HAWAI‘I PRESS
HONOLULU
© 2002 University of Hawai‘i Press
All rights reserved
Printed in the United States of America
07 06 05 04 03 02 6 5 4 3 2 1
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Cipris, Zeljko
Making sense of Japanese grammar : a clear guide mon problems / Zeljko
Cipris and Shoko Hamano.
p. cm.
Includes index.
ISBN 0–8248–2497–0 (cloth : alk. paper)—ISBN 0–8248–2583–7 (pbk. : alk. paper)
1. Japanese language—Grammar. 2. Japanese language—Textbooks for foreign
speakers—English. I. Hamano, Shoko. II. Title
PL535 .C65 2002
'82421—dc21
2002018776
Camera-ready copy for this book was prepared by the authors.
University of Hawai‘i Press books are printed on acid-free paper
and meet the guidelines for permanence and durability of
the Council on Library Resources.
Printed by The Maple-Vail Book Manufacturing Group
Contents
Acknowledgments ix
Introduction xi
Part 1. Grammatical Categories and the Basic Architecture of a
Sentence 1
1 The subject corresponds to an item around which an event evolves 3
2 Use the verb at the end! 5
3 An explicit subject is optional 6
4 Pay attention to the last part of a sentence 7
5 There are three types of verb-like constituents 9
6 The noun in the sentence gakusei-desu is not the subject! 11
7 Japanese speakers avoid certain pronouns 13
8 You cannot always guess the grammatical category of a Japanese
form from the grammatical category of its English counterpart 15
9 Dictionary forms of all Japanese adjectives end with -ii, -ai, -oi,
or -ui 16
10 “Noun” is an open category in Japanese 17
11 Use the same word order for questions. Attach -ka to a statement
to turn it into a question 19
12 Do not hesitate to use the