文档介绍：What Went Wrong?
What
Went
Wrong?
Western Impact and
Middle Eastern Response
Bernard Lewis
2002
Oxford New York
Athens Auckland Bangkok Bogotá Buenos Aires
Cape Town Chennai Dar es Salaam Delhi Florence
Hong Kong Istanbul Karachi Kolkata Kuala Lumpur Madrid
Melbourne Mexico City Mumbai Nairobi Paris São Paulo
Shanghai Singapore Taipei Tokyo Toronto Warsaw
and panies in
Berlin Ibadan
Copyright © 2002 by Bernard Lewis
Published by Oxford University Press, Inc.
198 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10016
Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced,
stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any
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without the prior permission of Oxford University Press.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Lewis, Bernard.
What went wrong? : western impact and Middle Eastern
response / Bernard Lewis.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-19-514420-1
1. Middle East—History—1517- I. Title.
.L488 2000
956´.015—dc21 2001036214
Printing (last digit): 1 3 5 7 9 8 6 4 2
Printed in the United States of America
on acid-free paper
Contents
Preface vii
Introduction 3
Chapter 1
The Lessons of the Battlefield 18
Chapter 2
The Quest for Wealth and Power 35
Chapter 3
Social and Cultural Barriers 64
Chapter 4
Modernization and Social Equality 82
Chapter 5
Secularism and the Civil Society 96
Chapter 6
Time, Space, and Modernity 117
Chapter 7
Aspects of Cultural Change 133
Conclusion 151
Afterword 161
Notes 163
Index 173
Preface
This book was already in page proof when the terrorist attacks in
New York and Washington took place on September 11, 2001. It
does not therefore deal with them, nor with their immediate causes
and after-effects. It is however related to these attacks, exa