文档介绍：Chapter 5:Factor Endowment and the Heckscher-Ohlin Theory (要素禀赋与赫克歇尔-俄林理论)
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From this chapter,we will learn:
assumptions of the theory
(赫克歇尔—俄林理论的假设)
factor intensity, factor abundance(endowment)
(要素密集度,要素丰裕度)
Heckscher-Ohlin theorem and factor-price equalization(H-O-S) theorem
(赫克歇尔-俄林定理及要素价格均等定理)
the Leontief paradox and it’s explanations
里昂惕夫之谜及其解释
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Assumptions of the Theory(理论的假设)
1. two nations, modities (X and Y), two factors( L and K)
2. both nations use the same technology
3. commodity X is labor intensive, Y is capital intensive
4. constant returns to scale
5. plete specialization
6. taste are equal in both nations
7. petition in modities and factor markets
8. perfect internal factor mobility, no international factor mobility
9. no transportation costs, tariffs, or other obstructions
10. resources are fully employed
11. international trade is balanced
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factor intensity, factor abundance, and the shape of the production frontier
要素密集度、要素充裕度
和生产可能性曲线的形状
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factor intensity
factor intensity :the ratio of labor and capital used in the production of modity.
要素密集度:在一个只有两种商品(X和Y)与两种要素(劳动和资本)的世界中,如果生产Y时的资本/劳动比率大于生产X时的资本/劳动比率,我们就说商品Y是资本密集型商品。
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in
in
in
in
在A国,商品Y的资本/劳动比率(K/L)为1,商品X的这一比率为1/4。从原点出发的射线的斜率反映了这个值。在B国,Y的K/L=4,X的K/L=1。两国Y都是资本密集型,X都是劳动密集型。
B国两种产品的资本/劳动比率都高于A国,因为B国资本相对价格(r/w)低。
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factor abundance (endowments)
factor abundance:要素丰裕度也称要素禀赋,是指一国所拥有的两种生产要素的相对比例。
Two ways to define factor abundance:
definition in terms of physical units
实物单位定义法
definition in terms of relative factor prices
相对要素价格定义法
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factor abundance and the shape of production frontier(要素丰裕度与生产可能性曲线的形状)
Nation B
Nation A
Y
X
要素禀赋与生产可能性曲线
A坦,而且在横轴方向上扩展较宽,这反映A国可以比B国生产相对更多的X,因为A国是劳动丰裕的国家,X又是劳动密集型产品。
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Factor Endowment and the Heckscher- Ohlin Theory(要素禀赋与赫克歇尔-俄林理论)
创立者:
赫克歇尔:瑞典著名经济学家,最早提出了一国的生产要素拥有状况影响比较优势的观点。
俄林:瑞典著名经济学家,系统提出了要素禀赋理论。
完善者:
萨缪尔森:美国著名经济学家。
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the Heckscher-