文档介绍：精品资料
中微子唯象学研究
【中文摘要】
本文主要讲述中微子的艰难曲折的发现历程:在二十世纪初期奥地利科学家泡利提出中微子的假设存在,1933年正式被命名为中微子。但是由于中微子的难以观测性,以及较强的穿透能力,直到1956年才首次被发现。随后在实验室中验证了中微子具有很小的静止质量,并且速度非常接近光速。中微子在离开原子核时发生了形态的变化,有三种形式:µ中微子、τ中微子、电子中微子。三种中微子能够互相转换,称为中微子的振荡。在1998年确定实验室发现中微子的振荡,并分别于2002年和2006年发现太阳中微子和大气中微子的振荡,并在2012年三月发现第三种中微子的振荡。另外简要介绍了中微子的主要应用途径包括:通信、探测、天文学研究等。关于中微子的未来应用还需要科学工作者们继续研究。中微子的发展可能会对人们研究地球构造宇宙起源等提供理论依据。世界许多国家科学家都在对中微子的研究提出有建树性的看法,也取得了一定的成绩。但是想要获得更多的发现还需要人们继续努力。
【关键词】中微子的发现、中微子的特性、中微子的振荡、中微子的发展
【Abstract】 This article mainly focuses on the neutrinos and their discovery course: in the early twentieth century Austrian scientist -- Pauli assumed the existence of neutrinos,in 1933 ,they were officially named the Neutrinos. However, due to neutrinos are difficult to observe, as well as their strong rating power, until 1956 they were the first time found. And then they were verified in the laboratory,the neutrinos have a very small rest mass, and their speed is close to the speed of light. When the neutrinos leave the nucleus, their shape are three forms: μ neutrinos,τ neutrinos,the electron neutrino. Three neutrinos are able to exchange each other, this process is called the Neutrino the laboratory discovery of neutrino oscillations in 1998, and found the solar neutrino and atmospheric neutrino oscillations in 2002 and 2006, respectively, in March 2012 found that the third neutrino oscillation. This article also contains some simple introduction of neutrino's application: communication,detection, and astronomical research. More development about neutrinos will cost our scientists' more effort. And their development will help people in studying the earth's tectonic and the origin of the Universe. In many countries, many scientists put forward the views of their contribution in the study of neutrinos, consequently they made some achievements. But if we want to get more discoveries, more efforts is needed .
【Key words】 The discovery of neutrino , The properties