文档介绍：School of Pharmacy
Antihypertensive Agents 1
Zhu Yi Zhun, Dept. of Pharmacology,
School of Pharmacy, Fudan Univ.
Email: ******@shmu.
Hypertension
• Incidence: 10-20% in adults
. 5 millions Americans have hypertension.
68% are aware of their diagnosis.
53% are receiving treatment.
Only 27% are under control of the 140/90 mm Hg
threshold.
Hypertension
• is usually asymptomatic
• is associated with increased risk from
ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular
accidents, heart and renal failure.
an damage
Therefore, it is important to treat hypertension and
reduce mortality and morbidity of these conditions
Complications of untreated
hypertension
• Hypertensive cardiovascular disease
• Hypertensive cerebrovascular
disease and dementia
• Hypertensive renal disease
• Aortic dissection
• plication
Classification of Hypertension
-- Primary (Essential) Hypertension (PH):
About 90%-95%. Onset 25-55 years.
No cause can be established for 95% cases of PH.
-- Secondary Hypertension (SH):
About 5%-10%.
Cause: Renal disease
Hormonal (. Estrogen) therapy
Renal vascular hypertension
Hypertension associated with pregnancy
Hypercalcemia, hyper- or hypothyroidism etc.
Classification of Blood Pressure
Systolic Blood Diastolic Blood
Pressure (mm Hg) Pressure (mm Hg)
Normal < 130 <85
High Normal 130-139 85-90
Hypertension
Stage 1 (mild) 140-159 90-99
Stage 2 (moderate) 160-179 100-109
Stage 3 (severe) >180 >110
BP= CO x PVR
CO: Cardiac Output;
PVR: Peripheral Vascular Resistance.
Regulation of Blood Pressure
Brain Stem BP= CO x PVR
Sympathetic Stimulation Aldosterone
Sodium Retension
α Adrenoceptors β
Angiotensinogen
Peripheral Cardiac
Renin↑
Resistance ↑ Output ↑ Angiotensin I
Angiotensin II
BP ↑ Renal blood
flow ↑
Regulation of Blood Pressure
Brain Stem
Sympatholytic drugs
Sympathetic Stimulation Aldosterone
Diuretics
Sodium Retension
α Adrenoceptors β