文档介绍：ANESTHESIOLOGY Peng Zhanglong Department of Anesthesiology Rui Jin Hospital Shanghai Second Medical University
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Contents
The history of anesthesiology
The scope of anesthesiology
Classification of Anesthesia
Definition of Anesthesia
Preparing for anesthesia
Premedication
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The History of Anesthesiology
Anesthetic practices date from ancient times
Modern anesthesiology began in 1842 --- Ether was used as an anesthetic agent in humans.
Modern anesthesiology only became firmly established less than six decades ago
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Modern inhalation anesthetics were developed from 1950s to 1960s
Intravenous anesthesia first began in 1872--- Use of choral hydrate. From then, many other intravenous agents were developed.
Muscle relaxants resulted in evolution of anesthesiology---Curare(箭毒)was firstly used in 1942
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The History of Anesthesiology
The History of Anesthesiology
The original of modern local anesthesia was credited to use of cocaine in 1884.
Subarachnoid anesthesia --- 1898. Caudal epidural anesthesia--- 1901. lumbar epidural anesthesia --- 1921
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Clinical anesthesia
Pain management
First-aid and resuscitation
Intensive care
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The Scope of Anesthesiology
Definition of Anesthesia
Anesthesia is always defined by drug-induced changes in behavior or perception(感觉).
ponents of general anesthetic state include unconsciousness, amnesia(健忘), analgesia(镇痛), immobility, and attenuation of autonomic nervous system responses to noxious stimulation.
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Course of Anesthesia
Anesthesia induction
Anesthesia maintenance
Anesthesia recovery
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Classification of Anesthesia
General anesthesia
Inhalation anesthesia
Intravenous anesthesia
Combined anesthesia
Intravenous
Venous-inhalation
Intrathecal block- general anesthesia
Local anesthesia
Topical anesthesia
Infiltration anesthesia
Nerve block
Nerve plexus block
Intrathecal block: Subarachnoid block, epidural block and caudal block
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Some special measures during anesthesia
Deliberate hypotension(控制性低血压)