文档介绍：Chapter 8: The Labor Market
8-1: A Tour of the Labor Market
8-2: Movements in Unemployment
8-3: Wage Determination
8-4: Price Determination
8-5: The Natural Rate of Unemployment
8-6: Where We Go From Here
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8-1: A Tour of the Labor Market
The Large Flows of Workers
Differences across workers
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Figure 8-1: Average Monthly Flows Between Employment, Unemployment, and Nonparticipation in the United States, 1968-1986
Employment
million
Unemployment
Out of labor
force
million
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Figure 8-1 has three striking features
size of the flows into and out of employment
size of the flows into and out of unemployment in relation to the total number of unemployed.
size of the flows into and out of the labor force.
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Table 8-1: Population, Labor force, Employment, and Unemployment in the United States(in million),1998
Total population
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
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Table 8-2: Monthly Separation Rates for Different Group, 1968-1986
Monthly Separation rate (%)
Category (Quits and Layoffs)
Male: Ages 16-19
35-44
Female: Ages 16-19
35-44
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Unemployment rate in the . 1955-2002
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8-2: Movements in Unemployment
First,there is evidence of a small upward trend in the unemployment rate. The average unemployment rate was % in the 1950s, % in the 1960s, % in the 1970s, % in the 1980s. In the 1990s however, average unemployment has been only %.
Second, the trend increase is dominated by large fluctuations in the unemployment rate.
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8-3: Wage Determination
Bargaining
Efficiency Wages
Wages and Unemployment
The Expected Price Level
The Unemployment Rate
The other Factors
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The Way of Wage determination
Wages are set in many ways. Sometimes they are set by collective bargaining, that is, b