文档介绍：开放式创新背景下企业智力资本创新机制研究
摘要:在知识经济时代,智力资本管理与整合对于企业形成竞争优势至关重要。在开放式创新背景下,我国企业日益注重对外部智力资本的获取。基于开放式创新背景和中国企业“关系”情景,对智力资本内涵进行了拓展,利用国内149家高新技术企业调研数据对企业智力资本与创新绩效之间的关系进行了分析。研究发现,企业人力资本、外部社会资本和内部社会资本对企业创新绩效具有正向影响,内部社会资本和人力资本的交互对企业创新绩效具有正向影响。有趣的是,人力资本与外部社会资本的交互负向影响企业创新绩效。这不仅拓展了中国情境下社会资本理论,而且进一步深化了智力资本创新机制。
关键词:开放式创新,人力资本,组织资本,社会资本
Exploring the Influence of Intellectual Capital on Innovation Performance
at the Background of Open Innovation
Abstract:In a knowledge-based society, the management and integration of intellectual capital has e a determinant for firms to petitiveness. Directed by open innovation theory, our firms are increasingly paying more attention to acquire outside resources. In this paper, we extend the connotation of intellectual capital based on open innovation and Chinese ‘guanxi’ context, and then use survey data of 149 domestic high-tech firms to explore the relationship between intellectual capital and innovation performance. It finds that human capital, inside social capital and outside social capital each has a positive relationship with innovation performance. The interrelationship of human capital and inside social capital has a positive relationship with innovation performance, while the interrelationship of human capital and outside social capital has a negative relationship with innovation performance. It not only enriches the social capital theory under Chinese conditions, but also deepens intellectual capital theory.
Key words:open innovation; human capital; organizational capital; social capital
一、引言
随着信息技术的迅猛发展以及全球化竞争的日益加剧,智力资本已经取代资金、土地和物资成为最重要的创新要素[1] [2]。目前主流研究认为智力资本包括人力资本、组织资本和社会资本[2] [3],并对人力资本、组织资本、社会资本与企业绩效之间的关系进行了大量实证研究[2] [4] [5] [6]。然而,Hsu和Fang认为在知识经济时代,研究智力资本管理和整合对于企业创新更为重要[7]。Reed等通过对美国银行产业研究发现,智力资本整合能够提升财务绩效[8]。根据资源观理论,无形资产在整合和互补的情况下能够产生更强的竞争优势[9]。Teece等认为资源经过整合后所产生的独特竞争优势很难被竞争对手模仿[10]。因此,当智力资本各个要素互补时会更有效地促进创新[11]。
目前对于智力资本的研究情景主要集中在发达国家[2] [4] [7] [8],国内学者在研究过程中基本借鉴国外的研究框架[5] [6]。事实上,我国企业由于资源和体制限制,非常注重通过企业管理者社会资本促进企业发展[12] [