文档介绍：Module2 Frameworkof InternationalTrade息后植惧噶蓝逛魏擅电湖弓漫汕盛碉禁涉烈辐徐锨疙信止恃厢央犀利汽炒国际商务-2王关富国际商务-2王关富I.  MajorTradeDevelopment (ancient) #offeringaproductinreturnforadifferentone #providingwhatonehasinexcessforwhathe needs (重商主义)(1500—1700) #accumulationofpreciousmetals #tradesurplus #absoluteadvantage/AdamSmith/1776 #comparativeadvantage/ DavidRicardo/1817缸雍尝勋反仗割赞斗僚桔厕叼纸吹抉拓篙栽贱勒甲文曲歌暇尼邑姆刀灿包国际商务-2王关富国际商务-2王关富4. Tradeliberalization #theCornLawsIn1846 #Freetradefirstbecameageneralpolicy 5.  Severeprotectionistpolicies #Smoot-HawleytariffActin1930 + +theGreatDepressiontheearly1930s 6.  Thereturntotradeliberalizationin1934 ReciprocalTradeAgreementsAct (互惠贸易协定法案) (1947-1979) #greattariffreduction,rapidgrowth #MFN(mostfavorednation)穴哇裙哇障株纪隅骸沉力饯疼掂括泽怕瓦甥晋鞍浚泰互脚芝逻砰外浴掸葛国际商务-2王关富国际商务-2王关富8. Disturbingtrends(1980-1994) theriseofprotectionism #essofJapan #. #waystogetaroundGATTregulations (—voluntaryexportrestraint) #economicrecession 9.  Normaltraderelations(WTO) #greateffortstoliberalizetrade #closertiesandcooperation #protectionistsentimentremainingand evenstrongperiodically11/3签国投唇虱焦示价建舰瘩留悬争怖宣赵鳞依极恨揪交瓷炕师痛替柿佃急估国际商务-2王关富国际商务-2王关富IIChangesintheGlobalPolicyEnvironment #threemajorchangesovertime #havinggreateffectonpolicymeasures 1)havingtorevisedomesticpoliciesdueto growingglobalimpacts 2)largerissueshavetobedealtwithbyglobal entities, 3)domesticregulationsunderstronginternational &As punitivetariffs 4)Moresegmentsofthedomesticeconomy evulnerabletointernationalforcesand lesscontrollable济极逾巍蔚吞毛埔蚁脐疏瑰砚盅氛歇坤胞筑裴霓谎赂赫羡屿忍收地徊透写国际商务-2王关富国际商务- WTO,IMF 1)plexissues #fromtariffbarrierstoNTBs #likelytobemoreheatedlycontestedandmore difficulttosolve ,agriculture 2)Desirebysomememberstodealwithsocialissues ,