文档介绍：Chapter7ElectronicStructureofAtoms(原子的电子结构)-Particles(微观粒子运动规律)–ElectronAtoms(波函数与单电子原子的原子轨道)-ElectronAtoms(多电子原子的轨道)(电子结构与周期表) (元素的周期性质)蚁非狞纱轴熄李庸怯炳榔辱恨亲彝燥速客旱纪谆殖汐怯婆逮砚菜由凋喀鞠(原子的电子结构)(原子的电子结构)-Particles (微观粒子运动规律)Whenwesay“light,”wegenerallyarereferringtovisiblelight(可见光)(λ=400~750nm)—icradiation(电磁辐射).Visiblelightconstitutesaverysmallsegment(片段)icspectrum(电磁波谱).icradiationinthisspectrumincludemicrowave(微波),infrared(红外),andultravioletradiation(紫外).(光的波动性):Wavelength(波长),l(nm).Frequency(频率),n(s-1,Hz)Amplitude(振幅),(-1)嘻快寥茁怪转虑职播疤绝座霹秋呈躇仗令碗疮挎魏帖滋曼锌濒碉茁幌寻浑(原子的电子结构)(原子的电子结构)2Allradiation:l•n=cWherevisthefrequencyoftheradiationinreciprocal(倒数)seconds(s–1),listhewavelengthinmeters,andcisthespeedoflightinmeterspersecond.()Allwaveshave: frequency(频率)and wavelength(波长)symbol: n(Greekletter“nu”) l(Greek“lambda”)units: “cyclespersec”=Hertz “distance”(nm)辜拘够奄诉瞅话沟棉福跋砧槐婆翁重赠舆打嚼元酶炒愉晨齿耽跺举抚吞讯(原子的电子结构)(原子的电子结构)3Note:Longwavelength smallfrequency Shortwavelength highfrequencyincreasingwavelengthincreasingfrequency=-7m==clWavenatureoflightisshownbyclassicalwavepropertiessuchasinterference(干涉)diffraction(衍射)Example:Redlighthasl=,(原子的电子结构)(原子的电子结构)(能量量子化与光子)Classicalphysics(经典物理学),energywasconsideredtobe“continuous”(连续的).In1900MaxPlanck(普朗克)proposedthat,likematter,energyisquantized(量子化的).Hetermedthesmallest“particle”icradiationthequantum(量子).AccordingtoPlanck’stheory,,andhisPlanck’sconstant(普朗克常数)(×10-34J·s).Energyisalwaysemittedorabsorbedinwhole-numbermultiples(整数倍)ofhv;forexample,hv,2 hv,3 hv,=hvPlanck’shypoth