文档介绍：第八章 疾病及伤害的预防与控制
1998年鼠疫世界分布
100-250/per 100 000
Distribution of Tuberculosis Worldwide(2000)
结核病的全球分布(2000)
3% ~
丙型肝炎的全球分布(2000)
Distribution of C Hepatitis Worldwide(2000)
研究传染病意义 Study Importance
危害严重
重治轻防,后果惨重
死灰复燃
新发传染病不断出现
生物恐怖威胁存在
Seriously burden of diseases
Neglect of prevention ,the
consequences of heavy
The resurgence of relapse
The new emerging infectious
diseases
Threat of bioterrorism
新出现的传染病(emerging infections or emerging infectious diseases,EID)是指新确定的和先前未知的可引起局部或在世界范围内公共卫生问题的传染病。
--- David Heymann 1997
“emerging infections ”refers to newly identified and previously unknown infectious diseases which cause public health problems,either locally or internationally。
新出现传染病特点
The characteristic of EID
悄然出现
Silent beginning
全球化趋势
Globalization
动物→人?
Jump of infectious agent across the species barrier from animal to human being
新出现病原体通常具有较大毒力和/或传染性
More virulent and/or epidemic
重新出现的传染病(re-emerging infectious diseases)是指那些我们已经熟知的,且其传播水平已降低到不再成为公共卫生问题的感染又重新回复到具有流行程度传播状态的疾病。
Re-emerging infectious diseases are infections that have been known about for some time but had fallen to such low levels that they were no longer considered a public health problem。They often reappear in epidemic proportions.
EID产生的原因 The cause of EID
人口数量及人的行为变化
The change of population and people's behavior
技术进步和工业化时间的变化
Technological progress and industrialization
经济发展和土地使用模式的变化
Economic development and land-use patterns change
国际旅游、商贸的发展以及人口流动的数量迅速增加
The development of International travel, merce, and population movement
在世界范围内,从地区上,因投入大幅下降,而致应对传染病的公共卫生能力被削弱,以至破
Lack of health resources
其他与EID产生相关的原因
Other causes of EID
全球气候持续变暖,导致热带、亚热带的范围不断扩大,直接影响了动植物生态系统,使生物群落、传播疾病的啮齿类动物及昆虫媒介的种属、分布区域和密度等发生改变
The global climate continues to warm
生物恐怖主义的潜在威胁
Bioterrorism