文档介绍：郁亚娟等
典型二次电池生命周期评价
典型二次电池生命周期评价*
郁亚娟
陈
妍
( 环境科学与工程北京市重点实验室, 北京理工大学化工与环境学院, 北京 100081)

摘要
近年来由于资源短缺问题, 二次电池引起了人们广泛的关注, 各种二次电池发展很快。为了寻找环境影响程度最小的
电池, 采用 S imap ro 软件对铅酸电池、镍镉电池及锂离子电池进行生命周期评价。结果表明, 产生 1 000 kW h 的电能, 锂离子电池
的环境指标分数最低( 3. 93 Pt) , 铅酸电池其次( 28. 14 Pt) , 镍镉电池最高( 29. 76 Pt) 。因此, 在产生相同电能的条件下, 镍镉电池由
于其主要原材料组分的毒性, 对环境造成的负担最大; 铅酸电池对资源消耗影响最大, 其环境影响程度略小于镍镉电池; 由于锂离子
电池具有很好的电池性能, 其中活性物质钴输入量很小, 所以对环境的影响远小于铅酸电池和镍镉电池。

关键词
生命周期评价
锂离子电池
镍镉电池
铅酸电池
Life cycle assessment of typical secondary batteries
Y U Yaj uan, CH EN Yan. ( Beijing K ey L aboratory of E nv iron
mental Science and Engineering , School o f Chemical Engineering & E nv iro nment , Beij ing I nstitute of T echnology ,
Beij ing 100081)
Abstract:
Because o f the sho rtag e of resources supply , seconda ry bat tery has dev eloped rapidly in recent years
which aro used widespread public concern. In this paper, life cycle assessment w as applied to assess the environment
impact o f three kinds of secondary batteries: lead
acid battery, N i
Cd battery and L i
io n batt ery. T he results obtained
fro m life cy cle assessment softw are ( Simapro) show ed that g enerating electricity of 1 000 kW h, t he eco
indicat or
po int of lead
acid, N i
Cd and L i
io n batteries were 28. 14, 29. 76 and 3. 93 Pt respectively. T herefo re, these fo llow ing
co nclusions could be drawn: in the conditio