文档介绍：A Guide to Drinking Water Treatment and
Sanitation for Backcountry & Travel Use
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Introduction
This document should only serve as a guide for individuals intending to use untreated or poorly treated water as
a drinking source. This document may also aid travelers and backcountry water users in researching drinking
water treatment methods. Except for boiling, few of the water treatment methods are 100% effective in
removing all pathogens.
Protozoa - Cryptosporidium
o Potential health effects from ingestion of water contaminated with Cryptosporidium are:
. Gastrointestinal illness (for example, diarrhea, vomiting, cramps).
o Sources of Cryptosporidium in drinking water are:
. Human and animal fecal waste.
o Methods that may remove some or all of Cryptosporidium from drinking water are:
. Boiling (Rolling boil for 1 minute) has a very high effectiveness in killing
Cryptosporidium;
. Filtration has a high effectiveness in removing Cryptosporidium when using an absolute
less than or equal to 1 m