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Encyclopedia of Physical Science and Technology EN004I-186 June 8, 2001 18:54
Drinking Water Quality
and Treatment
Dan Askenaizer
Montgomery Watson Engineers
I. Overview of Drinking Water Sources
II. Protection of Source Water
III. Overview of Basic Drinking Water
Treatment Processes
IV. Disinfection
V. Distribution System
VI. Disinfection By-Products
VII. Alternatives to Chlorination
VIII. Advanced Treatment Methods
IX. New Emerging Issues for Disinfection
X. Drinking Water Regulations
GLOSSARY Filtration Filtration is the process of removing sus-
pended solids from water by passing the water through
Disinfection Water systems add disinfectants to destroy a permeable fabric or porous bed of material. The most
anisms that can cause disease in humans. common filtration process employs a granular media
Primary methods of disinfection include chlorination, (., sand, anthracite coal). Filtration is usually -
chloramines, chlorine dioxide, ozone, and ultraviolet bination of physical and chemical processes.
light. Membrane filtration Membrane separation processes
Disinfection byproducts Side reactions can occur in wa- use semipermeable membranes to separate impurities
ter when chemical oxidants such as chlorine and ozone from water. The membranes are selectively permeable
are used to control potentially pathogenic an- to water and certain solutes. A driving force is used to
isms. These reactions can form low levels of disinfec- force the water to pass through the membrane, leav-
tion byproducts, several of which have been regulated ing the impurities behind as a concentrate. The amount
for potential adverse human health effects. and type of material removed depends upon the type
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P1: GRB/GJK P2: FYK Final Pages
Encyclopedia of Physical Science and Technology EN004I-186 June 8, 2001 18:54
652 Drinking Water Quality and Treatment
of membrane, the type and