文档介绍：Non-finite verb
一、分类:
1、动词不定式(to)do
2、分词 doing/ done
3、动名词 doing
二、特点:
1、不能单独作谓语
2、没有人称和数的变化
形式
句法功能
否定形式
不定式
时态
主动
被动
一般式
to do
to be done
进行式
to be doing
完成式
to have done
to have been done
完成进行式
to have been doing
否定式
not /never + (to) do
不定式的形式
不定式的句法功能
: To make a speech here is an honor. To lose heart means failure. 动词不定式短语作主语时,常用形式主语it作形式主语,如上两句可用如下形式: It is an honor to make a speech here. It means failure to lose heart.
不定式的句法功能-主语
常用结构: It+be+ adj./n.+ for sb. to do sth. It+be+ adj. + of sb. to do sth. =sb. be + adj. + to do sth.
It’s necessary for us to have a good knowledge of English.
It is foolish of you to make such a mistake.
=You are foolish to make such a mistake.
与of连用的形容词
clever, silly, foolish, stupid, wise, kind, rude, impolite, careless, cruel, crazy, etc
(事物本身具备的某种特质)
不定式的句法功能
: Her wish is to e a novelist. He appears to have caught a cold.
不定式一般紧跟在系动词如be, seem, remain, appear等后面,用来说明主语的内容。
这类结构中的主语一般为名词,如:idea, purpose, hope, plan, intention, wish, dream, etc.
eg.) My purpose is to teach them a lesson.
不定式的句法功能-表语
有时句子主语也可以是不定式或名词性从句
To be strict with students is to be responsible for them. What I want to do is (to )tell you the truth.
如果主语中含有do的任何形式, 那么不定式可以省去to. The only thing he could do was ( to) tell the truth.
不定式的句法功能
:
A. 动词+ to do 常见动词: hope, wish, long, want, refuse, pretend, promise, agree, aim, decide, expect, offer, fail, plan, learn, manage, intend, desire, etc.
I longed to e an artist. He helped (to) bring up the orphan.