文档介绍：华中科技大学
硕士学位论文
基于供应链库存管理的动态定价
姓名:李尤
申请学位级别:硕士
专业:管理科学与工程
指导教师:石双元
20061030
华中科技大学硕士学位论文
摘要
全球市场持续通货紧缩,给为保持利润而降低成本的众多企业带来了巨大的压
力,而消费者越来越受到商品价值的驱动,因此他们中较少有品牌和供应商忠诚度。
在这样的趋势下,企业已经逐渐认识到创造性的定价策略以及有效的供应链管理能
为自身降低成本、增加利润。动态定价作为定价策略的一种,可以使商品供应和需
求能更好的匹配,这为企业改善供应链绩效以及增加利润提供了重要机会。
首先,本文考虑价格离散改变的模型,在分销商――零售商的单阶供应链中,
存在一个销售单一商品且处于垄断地位的分销商和多个零售商,分销商可以在有限
销售时段内动态调整商品价格。商品需求率与当前价格成负线性相关关系,当商品
价格低于零售商购买商品的保留价格时,商品需求率大于零;当商品价格高于零售
商购买商品的保留价格时,商品需求率等于零。通过此库存模型,确定分销商订购
商品的经济订货批量、最佳价格改变时间点及最优定价,以使分销商获得最大的平
均利润。
接着,本文对前文中的模型进行扩展,建立了商品价格连续改变的模型,此模
型的假设条件与前文中模型的假设条件的区别是商品价格随时间连续改变且销售周
期是未知的。在求解此模型时,本文先用最优控制理论证明最优解存在的充分必要
条件,然后用二元函数极值条件求得最优解。
最后,笔者在总结全文的基础上对进一步的研究作了展望。
关键词:动态定价;供应链;库存;线性需求
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华中科技大学硕士学位论文
Abstract
Continued deflationary trends in many markets around the world are creating greater
pressure for cost reduction in order that margins can be maintained. Customers and
consumers are increasingly value driven and consequently less brand or supplier loyal. In
this challenging world, there is a growing recognition that creative pricing strategies
combined with effective supply chain management provide opportunities for significant
cost reduction and increased profits. As one of the pricing techniques, dynamic pricing
offers significant opportunities to increase profits and improve supply chain performance
by better matching supply and demand.
Firstly, this thesis is based on model that assumes discrete price changes. The model
considers a problem of dynamically pricing by a dominant distributor who sells a single
product over a finite planning horizon and many retailers in a supply chain. The demand
rate depends solely on the current price and the price response function is linear where
price-elasticity of demand is non-decreasing in price. The retailers are willing to buy as
soon as the price is below their reservation price. When the price is above reservation
price, the demand rate will drop to zero.