文档介绍：
妊娠期碘缺乏对后代脑发育的影响#
张乐,单忠艳**
(中国医科大学附属第一医院内分泌科,沈阳,110001)
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摘要:碘是合成甲状腺激素的必需微量元素,而甲状腺激素对正常的脑发育至关重要。妊娠
期间,尤其是妊娠早期,碘缺乏会导致母体甲状腺激素的不足,从而对后代的神经智力发
育及认知功能产生不可逆的影响,在碘缺乏的一定范围内,这种影响随着碘缺乏的严重程
度而逐渐加重。在妊娠期间充足的碘营养对预防胎儿大脑发育的损伤十分重要。
关键词:内科学;碘缺乏;甲状腺激素;脑发育
中图分类号:
Effect of iodine deficiency during pregnancy on brain
development in offspring
ZHANG Le, SHAN Zhongyan
(Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical
University, Shenyang,110001)
Abstract: Iodine is an essential Micronutrient for the synthesis of thyroid hormone. Thyroid
hormones have crucial roles in brain development. Iodine deficiency during pregnancy, especially
in early pregnancy, could lead to insufficient maternal thyroid hormone, subsequently causing
irreversible adverse effects on the neurological and cognitive functions of the offspring. The
negative influence increases gradually with the severity of the iodine deficiency in a certain range.
The sufficient iodine nutrition during pregnancy is very important in preventing
neurodevelopment damage.
Key words: internal medicine;iodine deficiency;thyroid hormone;brain development
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引言
碘为人体必需的微量元素,进入体液的碘主要被甲状腺摄取和浓集,是合成
甲状腺激素的主要原料,而甲状腺激素对人体细胞的代谢,器官的发育尤其是对
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胎儿、婴幼儿大脑的生长发育至关重要。胎儿、新生儿对碘缺乏非常敏感。妊娠
期的碘缺乏会造成后代生长和神经发育的落后,增加胎儿的死亡率,儿童期间的
碘缺乏会损伤认知和运动功能。从妊娠到出生后的两年,是脑发育的关键期,此
时神经元的增殖、迁移、分