文档介绍：华中科技大学
硕士学位论文
无线传感器网络节点芯片的低功耗设计与实现
姓名:艾金鹏
申请学位级别:硕士
专业:微电子学与固体电子学
指导教师:刘政林
20090525
华中科技大学硕士学位论文
摘要
无线传感器网络节点一般工作于室外环境并且分布广,只适于采用电池供电,有
效工作时间很短。当电池能量耗尽后节点会退出网络,直接影响通信的效能,当过多
节点退出网络后更会影响整体功能的实现。所以如何解决节点能量约束、提高节点工
作寿命已经成为了无线传感器网络研究中的核心问题。
本文首先在比较分析了当前解决能量约束问题的两个主要措施——能量补充和
节能措施之后,提出利用动态功耗管理策略设计低功耗节点芯片来解决节点能量约束
问题。详细阐述了动态功耗管理策略利用芯片在多种节能模式模式间切换降低功耗的
原理。
然后采用门控时钟和门控电源方法从硬件上实现了动态功耗管理策略,并研究了
采用这两种方法后给节点芯片设计带来的新问题及相应的解决办法,包括:使用扫描
链结构解决数据的恢复问题;使用隔离单元解决数据隔离问题;使用双时钟结构缩短
芯片休眠唤醒时间;利用扫描链解决电源连接仿真;利用休眠定时器解决 MAC 计数
器的恢复问题;合理设计了功耗管理时序以保证芯片节能模式切换的顺利完成。在此
基础上,设计了改进后的低功耗的节点芯片架构。
最后,采用低功耗设计流程,使用 HHNEC EF25G 工艺完成了芯片的版图实现。
使用 Primepower 对低功耗实现后的节点芯片进行功耗仿真,结果显示节能模式下的
功耗仅不到正常工作模式下的 1%,表明本文的低功耗策略有效的降低了节点芯片的
功耗。

关键词: 无线传感器网络低功耗节点芯片能量约束

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华中科技大学硕士学位论文
Abstract
Wireless work has been rated as one of the top ten technologies in the 21st
century. Now it is has a wide range of applications in the military, environmental science,
medicine, space exploration and so on. However, the limited energy of work node
limits its application. How to solve this problem has e the core issue of the research
of wireless works now.
In this paper, the work of the following several aspects has been carried out around the
issue of limited energy of wireless work. First, the basic situation of wireless
work has been introduced, including the characteristics of work, topology
of work and application status quo. The dangers and the status quo of the problem of
limited energy have been introduced in particular. Based on the analysis of the status quo of
the limited energy of work, the current studies to address this issue have been
introduced, including the addition of energy work energy-saving measures.
After the discussion of the nodes system and the design method of main modules,
low-power strategy in this article has been proposed: dynamic power management. The
principles of dynamic power management has been analyzed, includ