文档介绍：EXAMINATION OF BLOOD VESSELS
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INTRODUCTION
Palpation of the pulse
Measurment of arterial blood pressure
Auscultation of blood vessels
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PALPATION OF THE PULSE
Radial artery is usually selected
Patient’s hand placed with the palm upward
Physician’s first three fingers on the radial artery
Index finger nearest the heart
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CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PULSE
Rate
Size
Type of wave
Rhythm
Tension
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RATE
-Pulsus frequens or rarus(rapid or slow)
Varies with age, sex, physical activity, emotional status
Normal range: 60-100bpm in adults; 90-120bpm in children
Rate increase (tachycardia):severe anemia, high fever, massive hemorrage, etc
Rate decrease (bradycardia):syncope, heart block, etc
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RHYTHM
-pulsus regularis or irregularis
Pulsus irregularis
Sinus arrhythmia
Premature contractions
Aterial fibrillation
Bigeminal pulse
Trigeminal pulse
Paroxysmal atrial tachycardia
Heart block
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TENSION
-Pulsus hard or soft
Corresponds to the diastolic blood pressure
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SIZE
Pulsus magnus (high pulse pressure)-aortic insufficiency
Pulsus parvus(low pulse pressure)-aortic stenosis
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TYPE OF WAVE
Normal pulse wave:
Ascending limb
Peak
Descending limb
Dicrotic notch ( on the descending limb)
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TYPE OF WAVE
Abnormal pulse wave
Water hammer pulse
Pulpus tardus
Dicrotic pulse
Pulsus alternans
Pulsus paradoxus
Asphygmia
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