文档介绍：The Lathe And Its Construction
A lathe is a machine tool used primarily for producing surfaces of revolution and flat edges. Based on their purpose, construction, number of tools that can simultaneously be mounted and degree of automation, lathes-or, more accurately, lathe-type machine tools-can be classified as follows:
1 )Engine lathes
2)Toolroom lathes
3)Turret lathes
4)Vertical turning and boring mills
5 )Automatic lathes
6)Special purpose lathes
In spite of that diversity of lathe type machine tools, they all mon features with respect to construction and principle of operation. These features can best be illustrated by considering monly used representative type, the engine lathe. Following is a description of each of the main elements of an engine lathe, which is shown in Fig. 3. 1.
Unit 3 TURNING
Lathe bed.
Headstock.
The lathe bed is the main frame, involving a horizontal beam on two vertical supports. It is usually made of grey or nodular east iron to damp vibrations and is made by casting. It has guideways to allow the carriage to slide easily lengthwise. The height of the lathe bed should be appropriate to enable the technician to do his or her job easily fortably.
The headstock is fixed at the left hand side of the lathe bed and includes the spindle whose axis is parallel to the guideways(the slide surface of the bed). The spindle is driven through the gearbox, which is housed within the headstock. The function of the gearbox is to provide a number of different spindle speeds ( usually 6 up to 18 speeds). Some modern lathes have headstocks with infinitely variable spindle speeds, which employ frictional, electrical, or hydraulic drives.
Tailstock.
The spindle is always hollow, i. e. , it has a through hole extending lengthwise. Bar stocks can be fed through that hole if continuous production is adopted. Also,that hole has a tapered surface to allow mounting a plain lathe center. The outer surface of the spindle is threaded to allow moun